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Shloka 39

Daśame’hani Bhīṣma-yuddham — Śikhaṇḍī-rakṣaṇa, Arjuna-prabhāva, Duryodhana-āśraya-vākyam

द्रवद्धिस्तैर्महानागै: समन्ताद भरतर्षभ । दुर्योधनबलं सर्व पुनरासीत्‌ पराड्मुखम्‌,भरतश्रेष्ठी] सब ओर भागते हुए उन महान्‌ गजराजोंके साथ ही दुर्योधनकी सारी सेना युद्धभूमिसे विमुख हो चली

dravadbhis tair mahānāgaiḥ samantād bharatarṣabha | duryodhana-balaṃ sarvaṃ punar āsīt parāṅmukham ||

サンジャヤは言った。「バーラタ族の雄牛よ、あの巨大な象たちが四方へ逃げ散るとともに、ドゥルヨーダナの全軍もまた戦場から背を向け、面目と気概を失った。」

द्रवत्running, fleeing
द्रवत्:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रवत् (√द्रु गतौ इत्यस्य वर्तमानकृदन्तः)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
हस्तैःwith elephants (lit. with hands/trunks)
हस्तैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहस्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तैःby/with those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
महानागैःwith great elephants
महानागैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहानाग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
समन्तात्from all sides / on all sides
समन्तात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्तात्
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दुर्योधनबलम्Duryodhana's army/force
दुर्योधनबलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधनबल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्all, entire
सर्वम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
आसीत्was, became
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Root√अस्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3, Singular
पराङ्मुखम्turned away, facing away (in retreat)
पराङ्मुखम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपराङ्मुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address: bharatarṣabha)
D
Duryodhana
M
mahānāga (war-elephants)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how quickly an army’s dhairya (steadfastness) can collapse when key supports—here, the war-elephants—panic and flee. In the ethical frame of kṣatriya-dharma, turning parāṅmukha (away from battle) signals a loss of resolve and leadership control, showing that victory depends not only on strength but on disciplined morale.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that as the great elephants ran off in disorder on all sides, Duryodhana’s entire force again became parāṅmukha—turning away from the fight and effectively retreating from the battlefield.