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Shloka 11

Kāma–Mamatā–Upadeśa

Discourse on Desire, Possessiveness, and Ritual Duty

व्रतं यज्ञान्‌ नियमान्‌ ध्यानयोगान्‌ कामेन यो नारभते विदित्वा । यद्‌ यच्चायं कामयते स धर्मों न यो धर्मो नियमस्तस्य मूलम्‌,योगी पुरुष अनेक जन्मोंके अभ्याससे योगको ही मोक्षका मार्ग निश्चित करके कामनाओंका नाश कर डालता है। जो इस बातको जानता है, वह दान, वेदाध्ययन, तप, वेदोक्त कर्म, व्रत, यज्ञ, नियम और ध्यान-योगादिका कामनापूर्वक अनुष्ठान नहीं करता तथा जिस कर्मसे वह कुछ कामना रखता है, वह धर्म नहीं है। वास्तवमें कामनाओंका निग्रह ही धर्म है और वही मोक्षका मूल है

vrataṁ yajñān niyamān dhyānayogān kāmena yo nārabhate viditvā | yad yac cāyaṁ kāmayate sa dharmo na yo dharmo niyamas tasya mūlam | yogī puruṣa aneka janmoke abhyāsase yogako hī mokṣakā mārga niścita karake kāmanāoṁkā nāśa kara ḍālatā hai | jo is bātako jānatā hai, vah dāna, vedādhyayana, tapa, vedokta karma, vrata, yajña, niyama aura dhyāna-yogādikā kāmanāpūrvaka anuṣṭhāna nahīṁ karatā tathā jis karmase vah kuch kāmanā rakhatā hai, vah dharma nahīṁ hai | vāstavameṁ kāmanāoṁkā nigraha hī dharma hai aura vahī mokṣakā mūla hai

ヴァーユは言った。「真理を知り、欲によって誓戒(ヴラタ)や祭祀(ヤジュニャ)、規律(ニヤマ)、禅定のヨーガ修行を始めぬ者—その者こそ理解する。人が何らかの果を貪って行うことは、真のダルマではない。実に、欲を制し、消し尽くすことがダルマであり、その自在こそ解脱の根である。ヨーギーは多生にわたる修習によって、ヨーガのみをモークシャへの道と定め、欲を滅する。」

व्रतम्vow, observance
व्रतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यज्ञान्sacrifices
यज्ञान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नियमान्rules, restraints
नियमान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनियम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
ध्यानयोगान्yogas of meditation
ध्यानयोगान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्यानयोग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कामेनby desire; with desire
कामेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आरभतेundertakes, begins
आरभते:
TypeVerb
Root√रभ् (आ-रभ्)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
विदित्वाhaving known
विदित्वा:
TypeVerb
Root√विद्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), Active
यत्whatever (that which)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्and whatever
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अयम्this (person)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कामयतेdesires
कामयते:
TypeVerb
Root√कम् (कामय्)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
सःthat (is); he
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwhich/that (who)
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नियमःrestraint, rule
नियमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनियम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof that; its
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
मूलम्root, basis
मूलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva (Vāyu)

Educational Q&A

Actions—whether vows, sacrifices, or meditation—lose their status as true dharma when driven by craving for results. The verse elevates desire-restraint (kāma-nigraha) as the essence of dharma and the foundation of mokṣa, with yoga presented as the decisive path that destroys desire through long practice.

Vāyudeva is speaking as a spiritual instructor, reframing religious practice: external rites and disciplines are not condemned, but their motive is judged. He asserts that the inner conquest of desire is the real criterion of dharma and the root of liberation.