Shloka 12
गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow
Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode
बन्दी तु जायते वैश्यान्मागधो वाक्यजीवन: । शूद्रान्निषादो मत्स्यघ्न: क्षत्रियायां व्यतिक्रमात्
bhīṣma uvāca | bandī tu jāyate vaiśyān māgadho vākyajīvanaḥ | śūdrān niṣādo matsyaghnaḥ kṣatriyāyāṃ vyatikramāt ||
ビーシュマは言った。「ヴァイシャの男が、越礼してクシャトリヤの女と交われば、バンディ、あるいはマーガダと呼ばれる子が生まれる。彼は言葉によって生き、他者を讃え、その名を告げ広めて糧とする。同様に、シュードラの男がそのようにクシャトリヤの女と越礼して交われば、ニシャーダが生じ、その生業は魚を殺すことである。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse presents a dharma-based view that crossing prescribed social boundaries (vyatikrama) is consequential, producing specific social identities and associated livelihoods; it uses genealogy to reinforce norms of social order.
Bhishma is instructing on dharma and social classifications, describing the traditional epic account of how certain groups (Bandī/Māgadha and Niṣāda) are said to arise from transgressive unions involving a Kṣatriya woman, and what occupations they are associated with.