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Shloka 22

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

भीष्मजीने कहा--भारत! मनुष्योंके हितसे सम्बन्ध रखनेवाला जो कोई भी कर्म है

bhīṣma uvāca | bhāryā patyṛtvijācāryāḥ śiṣyopādhyāya eva ca | mṛṣokte daṇḍam arhanti nety āhur apare janāḥ ||

ビーシュマは言った。「おお、バーラタよ。人々の福利に関わるいかなる行いも、定められた秩序(ヴ்யヴァスター)を保つために吟味される。思慮ある者たちが集い、『この娘はあの男に与えるべきだ』と決したなら、その取り決めこそが婚姻を確定する。虚言によってその取り決めを覆す者は、罪を負う。妻、夫、祭祀の司祭(ṛtvij)、師(ācārya)、弟子、そして教授者(upādhyāya)であっても、かの秩序に背いて偽りを語るなら罰に値するとされる。だが一方で、彼らは罰せられるべきではないと主張する者もいる。」

भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पतिhusband
पति:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ऋत्विक्officiating priest
ऋत्विक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋत्विज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आचार्याःteachers/preceptors
आचार्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शिष्यdisciple
शिष्य:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपाध्यायःsub-teacher/tutor
उपाध्यायः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपाध्याय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/also
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मृषोक्तेin/with false speech (lying)
मृषोक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमृषोक्ति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
दण्डम्punishment
दण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अर्हन्तिdeserve/are liable to
अर्हन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
W
wife (bhāryā)
H
husband (pati)
ṛtvij (priest)
Ā
ācārya (teacher)
Ś
śiṣya (student)
U
upādhyāya (instructor)

Educational Q&A

False speech is ethically serious because it disrupts dharma and social arrangements meant for human welfare; therefore even socially respected roles (spouses, priests, teachers, students) can be liable to punishment for lying—though Bhishma notes that some authorities dispute this liability.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma, he discusses accountability for speech and conduct. He lists key social and religious roles and states that if they lie, they deserve punishment, while also recording an alternative opinion that exempts them.