Shloka 2

Devanagari script

मदस्यास्यमनुप्राप्ता यदा सेन्द्रा दिवौकस: । तदैव च्यवनेनेह हृता तेषां वसुन्धरा

Transliteration

madasyāsyam anuprāptā yadā sendrā divaukasaḥ | tadaiva cyavaneneha hṛtā teṣāṃ vasundharā ||

Translation

ビーシュマは言った。「インドラを先頭とする神々が、マダ（酩酊／驕慢）の口の中へ落ち込んだとき、まさにその時、聖仙チャヴァナはこの世において彼らから地上の支配権を奪い去った。」

Word by Word

• मदस्य: of Mada (a daitya/being named Mada)
• मदस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• आस्यम्: mouth
• आस्यम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आस्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अनुप्राप्ताः: having entered/come into
• अनुप्राप्ताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-प्र-आप्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• यदा: when
• यदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा

• सेन्द्राः: together with Indra
• सेन्द्राः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-इन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• दिवौकसः: the dwellers of heaven (gods)
• दिवौकसः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिवौकस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च्यवनेन: by Cyavana (the sage)
• च्यवनेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: च्यवन
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• इह: here/in this world
• इह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• हृता: was taken away
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृ
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• तेषाम्: of them/their
• तेषाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• वसुन्धरा: the earth/land
• वसुन्धरा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसुन्धरा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Indra
• Divaukasaḥ (the gods)
• Mada (personified pride/intoxication)
• Cyavana
• Vasundharā (the earth)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even the gods lose their rightful power when overcome by mada (pride/intoxication); ethical restraint and humility are necessary for maintaining authority, and ascetic merit can check divine arrogance.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma recalls a moment when the gods, led by Indra, became ensnared by Mada; simultaneously, the sage Cyavana, through his spiritual power, stripped them of their control over the earth.