Shloka 19

अध्याय १६ — शङ्कर-उमा-वरदानम् तथा तण्डि-स्तुतिः (Śaṅkara–Umā Boon-Granting and Taṇḍi’s Hymn)

Devanagari script

त्वां विदित्वात्मदेहस्थं दुर्विदं दैवतैरपि । विद्वांसो यान्ति निर्मुक्ता: परं भावमनामयम्‌

Transliteration

tvāṁ viditvātma-deha-sthaṁ durvidaṁ daivatair api | vidvāṁso yānti nirmuktāḥ paraṁ bhāvam anāmayam ||

Translation

神々でさえ汝を悟り難い。だが賢者は、汝を自らの身に宿る内在の主（アンタリヤーミン）として知るとき、世の束縛より解き放たれ、病も悲嘆も苦悩も超えた、至高にして安穏なる境地に到る。

Word by Word

• त्वाम्: you
• त्वाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Accusative, Singular

• विदित्वा: having known
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (जानने)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• आत्मदेहस्थम्: situated in one's own body as the inner Self
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आत्मदेहस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दुर्विद्यम्: hard to know/realize
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्विद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दैवतैः: by the gods; even by deities
• दैवतैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैवत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• अपि: even/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• विद्वांसः: the wise (knowers)
• विद्वांसः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विद्वस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• यान्ति: go/attain
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (गमन)
• Form: Present, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• निर्मुक्ताः: freed/released
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्मुक्त (प्रातिपदिक; from मुच्)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• परम्: supreme
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• भावम्: state/being; condition
• भावम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अनामयम्: free from disease/sorrow; untroubled
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनामय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• वायुदेव (Vāyudeva)
• दैवत (the gods/divinities)
• आत्मा (Ātman, the Self/indweller)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True liberation comes from direct realization of the indwelling Self within one’s own body. Even divine beings may not grasp this subtle truth, but the wise who know the inner ruler (antaryāmin) are freed from bondage and reach the supreme, sorrowless state.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyudeva speaks as a spiritual instructor, praising the addressed supreme reality as difficult to know even for the gods, and stating the fruit of wisdom: those who recognize that reality as the inner Self become liberated and attain the highest, affliction-free condition.