Shloka 38
Adhyāya 119: Vyāsa–Kīṭa-saṃvāda
Tapas-bala and karmic ascent across yoni
धनेन क्रयिको हन्ति खादकश्नोपभोगत: । घातको वधबन्धाभ्यामित्येष त्रिविधो वध:
dhanena krayiko hanti khādakaś copabhogataḥ | ghātako vadhabandhābhyām ity eṣa trividho vadhaḥ ||
ビーシュマは説いた。「買い手は金によって殺し、食らう者は食用と享楽によって殺し、手を下す者は殺害、あるいは縛して死へ引き渡すことによって殺す。これが三種の殺である。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Violence carries moral responsibility in multiple forms: commissioning it with money, benefiting from it through consumption/enjoyment, and directly performing or facilitating it (including binding and handing over to death). Dharma evaluates not only the act but also the enabling and profiting from the act.
In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma (Anushasana Parva), he classifies 'killing' as threefold to clarify ethical accountability. He broadens the notion of culpability beyond the immediate killer to include those who purchase/commission and those who consume the results.