Shloka 53
Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption
प्राक् श्वा भवति राजेन्द्र तत: क्रव्यात्तत: खर: । ततः प्रेत: परिक्लिष्ट: पश्चाज्जायति ब्राह्मण:
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | prāk śvā bhavati rājendra tataḥ kravyāttataḥ kharaḥ | tataḥ pretaḥ parikliṣṭaḥ paścāj jāyati brāhmaṇaḥ ||
ユディシュティラは言った。「諸王の王よ、まず彼は犬となり、次いで肉を食らう者—羅刹（rākṣasa）—となり、さらに驢馬となる。そののち死して、苦しめられる餓鬼（preta）として多くの苦患を受け、やがて婆羅門（brāhmaṇa）の胎に生まれ直す。」この偈は、愚かな弟子が師を犯す罪の重さを、卑しい転生と死後の苦悩の連鎖として描き、のちに人として（婆羅門として）戻るまでを示している。
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches that disrespecting or harming one’s teacher (guru-aparādha) is a grave ethical violation with severe karmic consequences, leading to degrading births and suffering in the preta state before eventual return to human birth.
Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a king (likely Bhīṣma’s interlocutor contextually) and states a karmic sequence: a foolish disciple who offends his teacher is reborn successively as a dog, then a flesh-eating being, then a donkey; after death he suffers as a preta, and only afterward attains birth as a brāhmaṇa.