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Shloka 122

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

दशन्‌ वै मानुषान्नित्यं पापात्मा स विशाम्पते । धान्यकी चोरी करनेवाले मनुष्यके शरीरमें दूसरे जन्ममें बहुत-से रोएँ पैदा होते हैं। प्रजानाथ! जो मानव तिलके चूर्णसे मिश्रित भोजनकी चोरी करता है, वह नेवलेके समान आकारवाला भयानक चूहा होता है तथा वह पापी सदा मनुष्योंको काटा करता है ।।

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | daśan vai mānuṣān nityaṃ pāpātmā sa viśāṃpate |

ユディシュティラは言った。「おお、民の主よ、その罪深き魂を宿す者は、いかなる境涯に生まれようとも、絶えず人間を噛みつづける。」この箇所(前後の教説によって敷衍される教え)において、ユディシュティラは、盗み—とりわけ生活に欠かせぬ食糧や家の必需品の窃取—が、苦痛と卑下を伴う再生として熟するという倫理の法を引き出し、示している。罰は象徴的な獣身として描かれ、来世の姿はその行為の害と忍びの性を映し出す。帰結は世間の非難にとどまらず、業による変容となって、悪をなした者を人々を執拗に悩ます存在へと変えてしまうのである。

दशन्biting
दशन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदश्
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
मानुषान्humans, men
मानुषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नित्यंalways
नित्यं:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
पापात्माa sinful-souled one
पापात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपापात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशाम्of the people
विशाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविश्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
पतेO lord
पते:
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
V
viśāṃpati (addressed king/lord of the people)
H
human beings (mānuṣa)
G
ghee (ghṛta)
F
fish (matsya)
M
meat (māṃsa)
S
salt (lavaṇa)
M
mouse/rat (contextual from gloss)
C
crow (contextual from gloss)

Educational Q&A

The passage underscores karmic moral causality: theft—especially of basic sustenance—produces severe consequences, depicted as degrading rebirths and ongoing suffering. The ethical point is that taking what sustains others violates dharma and returns as a life marked by fear, harm, and loss of human dignity.

Within Anuśāsana Parva’s didactic setting, Yudhiṣṭhira speaks to a kingly figure (‘viśāṃpati’), voicing or eliciting a rule-like statement about a sinner who continually bites humans. The surrounding exposition (as reflected in the provided gloss) elaborates this as a catalogue of thefts and their karmic rebirth-results.