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Shloka 6

उपवासफलात्मकविधिः — Upavāsa as Yajña-Equivalent Merit

Angiras Teaching

भरतश्रेष्ठ! मनुष्य किस कर्मके द्वारा पापसे छुटकारा पाता है और क्‍या करनेसे किस प्रकार उसे धर्मकी प्राप्ति होती है? वह पुण्य और स्वर्ग कैसे पाता है? ।।

bharataśreṣṭha! manuṣyaḥ kasya karmaṇā pāpāt pramucyate, kiṃ ca kṛtvā kathaṃ dharmam avāpnoti? sa puṇyaṃ svargaṃ ca kathaṃ prāpnoti? upoṣya cāpi kiṃ tena pradeyaṃ sthān-narādhipa? dharmeṇa ca sukhān-arthāl lābhed yena, brūhi taṃ me nareśvara.

ユディシュティラは問うた。「バーラタ族の最勝者よ、人はどのような行いによって罪から解き放たれるのでしょうか。何をなし、いかなる仕方でダルマを得るのでしょう。いかにして功徳を積み、天界に至るのでしょうか。さらに断食を行うなら、何を布施すべきでしょう。人の王よ、幸福と繁栄を得させるそのダルマを、どうかお教えください。」

उपोष्यhaving fasted
उपोष्य:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootउपवस् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तेनby that
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रदेयम्to be given / should be given
प्रदेयम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + दा (धातु)
Formतव्यत् (gerundive), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, कर्मणि (obligative/passive sense)
स्थान्नfrom food/meal? (reading uncertain)
स्थान्न:
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान्न (पद; पाठभेद/दुष्पाठ सम्भाव्य)
FormNeuter, Ablative/Genitive (uncertain), Singular (uncertain)
नराधिपO lord of men (king)
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धर्मेणby/through dharma
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुखhappiness
सुख:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative (as first member of compound-like coordination; uncertain), Singular
अर्थwealth / prosperity
अर्थ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative (as second member; uncertain), Singular
अलाभेत्may obtain
अलाभेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootलभ् (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
येनby which
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
ब्रवीहिtell (me)
ब्रवीहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
FormImperative (लोट्), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तम्that (dharma)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नरईश्वरO king / lord of men
नरईश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनरईश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bharata lineage (Bharatas)
N
narādhipa/nareśvara (the addressed king)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a classic dharma-inquiry: liberation from sin is linked to right action, and religious observances like fasting are incomplete without appropriate charity. Yudhiṣṭhira seeks a practical dharma that yields inner well-being (sukha) and rightful prosperity (artha) while generating merit (puṇya) leading to heavenly reward (svarga).

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-focused setting, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses an elder/kingly authority and asks for guidance on moral purification, the means to attain dharma, and the proper gift to accompany fasting—requesting a clear rule of conduct that produces both ethical and beneficial outcomes.