Shloka 19

Droṇotpattiḥ and Dhanurveda-Prāpti

Origin of Droṇa and Acquisition of Martial Science

Devanagari script

तेनाचिरेण कालेन जगामास्तमिवांशुमान्‌ | तस्मिन्‌ प्रेते मनुष्येन्द्रे भार्यास्थ भृशदु:खिता

Transliteration

tenācireṇa kālena jagāmāstam ivāṁśumān | tasmin prete manuṣyendre bhāryāsthā bhṛśa-duḥkhitā |

Translation

ほどなくして、彼は太陽のように沈んだ。人々の中の主たるその王がこの世を去ると、妃は激しい悲嘆に打ちひしがれた。

Word by Word

• तेन: by that; therefore
• तेन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• अचिरेण: in a short (time)
• अचिरेण: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अचिर
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• कालेन: with time; in time
• कालेन: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• जगाम: went; passed away
• जगाम: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अस्तम्: to setting; to disappearance
• अस्तम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्त
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• इव: like; as if
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• अंशुमान्: the sun (the radiant one)
• अंशुमान्: Karta
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अंशुमत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तस्मिन्: when he/that (was so); in that (situation)
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• प्रेते: when (he) had died; departed
• प्रेते: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रेत
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• मनुष्येन्द्रे: in the lord of men (king)
• मनुष्येन्द्रे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्येन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• भार्या: the wife
• भार्या: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• आस: was
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Imperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• भृश: exceedingly; greatly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भृश

• दुःखिता: grief-stricken
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःखित
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• वैशम्पायन (Vaiśampāyana)
• manuṣyendra (a king, unnamed here)
• bhāryā (the king’s wife)
• aṁśumān (the Sun, as simile)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores impermanence: even a powerful king passes away swiftly, and worldly bonds naturally bring sorrow—inviting reflection on detachment and steadiness amid life’s inevitable changes.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana narrates that the king soon dies, compared to the sun setting; after his death, his wife is left in profound grief.