Shloka 93

Mukti-tattva Upadeśa: Knowledge as the Direct Cause of Liberation

Devanagari script

द्वे पदे बन्धमोक्षाय नममेति ममेति च / ममेति बध्यते जन्तुर्नममेति प्रमुच्यते

Transliteration

dve pade bandhamokṣāya namameti mameti ca / mameti badhyate janturnamameti pramucyate

Translation

束縛と解脱へ導く二つの語がある。「我がもの」と「我がものにあらず」である。生きとし生けるものは「我がもの」という執着により縛られ、「我がものにあらず」という理解により解き放たれる。

Word by Word

• द्वे: two
• द्वे: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; संख्याविशेषणम्

• पदे: words/terms
• पदे: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन

• बन्ध-मोक्षाय: for bondage and liberation
• बन्ध-मोक्षाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + मोक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (सम्प्रदान), एकवचन; समासः—इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (बन्धः च मोक्षः च)

• नममिति: “not mine” (as a saying)
• नममिति: Vakyartha (वाक्यार्थ/उद्धरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक) + इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/वाक्य-समाप्ति सूचकः—इति; 'नमम्' इति (quoted expression)

• ममेति: “mine” (as a saying)
• ममेति: Vakyartha (वाक्यार्थ/उद्धरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मम (षष्ठी-एकवचन सर्वनामरूप) + इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण-अव्यय—इति; 'मम' इति (quoted expression)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• ममेति: (thinking) “mine”
• ममेति: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मम (सर्वनाम-रूप) + इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण-अव्यय—इति

• बध्यते: is bound
• बध्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: बन्ध् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive)

• जन्तुः: the creature/being
• जन्तुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• नममिति: (thinking) “not mine”
• नममिति: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक) + इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण-अव्यय—इति

• प्रमुच्यते: is released
• प्रमुच्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; उपसर्गः—प्र; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Bondage is fueled by possessive identification (‘mine’); liberation arises through non-appropriation (‘not mine’)—a practical key to detachment.

Vedantic Theme: Ahaṅkāra-mamakāra as bandha; vairāgya and disidentification as proximate means to jñāna and freedom.

Application: Practice ‘na mama’ in daily life: reduce possessive language, offer actions and outcomes, simplify attachments, and observe the self prior to ownership-claims.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.49.94 (action/knowledge defined by non-bondage and liberation)

Characters & Entities

• Jiva

FAQs

What is the importance of “mameti” and “na mameti” in the Garuda Purana?

This verse states that the feeling of ownership (“mine”) binds the jiva, while the insight of non-ownership (“not mine”) loosens attachment and supports liberation.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It points to the inner cause of the soul’s bondage—clinging and possessiveness—implying that purification after death and progress toward higher states depend on reducing attachment and egoic ownership.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Practice non-possessiveness: treat wealth, relationships, and status as entrusted duties rather than “mine,” and cultivate humility, charity, and steady remembrance of the Self/Divine.