Shloka 117

Mukti-tattva Upadeśa: Knowledge as the Direct Cause of Liberation

Devanagari script

सूत उवाच / स्वप्रश्रोत्तरराद्धान्तमेवं भगवतो मुखात् / श्रुत्वा हृष्टतनुस्तार्क्ष्यो ननाम जगदीश्वरम्

Transliteration

sūta uvāca / svapraśrottararāddhāntamevaṃ bhagavato mukhāt / śrutvā hṛṣṭatanustārkṣyo nanāma jagadīśvaram

Translation

スータは語った。かくして、己の問いと答えによって定まった結論を、バガヴァーン自らの御口より聞き終えると、タークシャ（ガルダ）は歓喜に身を震わせ、宇宙の主に礼拝して頭を垂れた。

Word by Word

• सूतः: Sūta
• सूतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)

• स्व: one's own
• स्व: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोग/सर्वनाम-विशेषण; समासपूर्वपद (used as prefix-like adjective)

• प्रश्न: question
• प्रश्न: Samasa-anga (समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रश्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (contextual in compound), एकवचन (as stem in compound)

• उत्तर: answer
• उत्तर: Samasa-anga (समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (contextual in compound), एकवचन (as stem in compound)

• राद्धान्तम्: settled conclusion / established doctrine
• राद्धान्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राद्धान्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• स्वप्रश्नोत्तरराद्धान्तम्: the established conclusion regarding (his) own questions and answers
• स्वप्रश्नोत्तरराद्धान्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्व + प्रश्न + उत्तर + राद्धान्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (determinative); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of manner)

• भगवतः: of the Lord
• भगवतः: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भगवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular)

• मुखात्: from (the) mouth
• मुखात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन (Singular)

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive), पूर्वकाल (having heard)

• हृष्टतनुः: with thrilled/joyful body
• हृष्टतनुः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृष्ट + तनु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहिसमास (possessive); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifies subject)

• तार्क्ष्यः: Tārkṣya (Garuḍa)
• तार्क्ष्यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तार्क्ष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन

• ननाम: bowed
• ननाम: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• जगत्: world
• जगत्: Samasa-anga (समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (as first member in compound)

• ईश्वरम्: Lord
• ईश्वरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• जगदीश्वरम्: the Lord of the world
• जगदीश्वरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जगत् + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

Speaker

Sūta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Right questioning and authoritative answers culminate in siddhānta; the proper response is grateful devotion and surrender to Jagadīśvara.

Vedantic Theme: Śravaṇa-manana leading to niścaya (ascertained conclusion), expressed as bhakti and praṇipāta.

Application: Approach scripture with sincere inquiry; after clarity arises, seal it with practice—humility, gratitude, and consistent remembrance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.49.118 (doubt dispelled); Garuda Purana 2.49.115 (hearing leads to moksha)

Characters & Entities

• Sūta
• Garuda (Tārkṣya)
• Bhagavān (Lord Vishnu)
• Jagadīśvara

FAQs

What is the importance of the 'siddhānta' (settled conclusion) mentioned in this verse of Garuda Purana?

It signals that the Lord’s teaching—elicited through Garuda’s questions—has reached a definitive doctrinal conclusion, making it authoritative guidance for dharma and after-death understanding.

How does this verse explain the teacher–disciple flow in the Garuda Purana?

Sūta narrates that Garuda listens directly to the Lord (Vishnu) and responds with reverence, marking the transmission of knowledge from divine teacher to devoted seeker.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Approach teachings on karma, death rites, and ethical living with humility and attentiveness; once clarity is gained, express it through devotion, disciplined conduct, and respect for dharma.