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Garuda Purana — Preta Kalpa, Shloka 1

Determining Rites for Difficult/Inauspicious Deaths; Annual and Daily Śrāddha Rules

Devanagari script

दुर्मरणे कार्याकार्यक्रियादिनिरूपणं नाम चतुश्चत्वारिंशो ऽध्यायः श्रीविष्णुरुवाच / प्रत्यब्दं श्राद्धमेवं ते कथयामि खगेश्वर / प्रत्यब्दं पार्वणेनैव कुर्यातां क्षेत्रजोरसौ

Transliteration

durmaraṇe kāryākāryakriyādinirūpaṇaṃ nāma catuścatvāriṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ śrīviṣṇuruvāca / pratyabdaṃ śrāddhamevaṃ te kathayāmi khageśvara / pratyabdaṃ pārvaṇenaiva kuryātāṃ kṣetrajorasau

Translation

第四十五章は「凶なる難死において、なすべき作法となすべからざる作法を定める章」と名づけられる。聖なるヴィシュヌは語った。「おお、カゲーシュヴァラ（ガルダ）よ、汝に年次のシュラーダ（śrāddha）を説こう。毎年、パールヴァナ（pārvana）の法によって、クシェートラジュニャ（kṣetrajña・身の場を知る者）と、ラサ（rasa）を具えた有身の者（生命の精髄に支えられる者）のためにこれを行わせよ。」

Word by Word
दुर्मरणेin/with regard to bad (untimely) death
दुर्मरणे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्मरण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विषय/अधिकरण (locative)
कार्याकार्यक्रियादिनिरूपणम्the exposition of what should/should not be done, rites, etc.
कार्याकार्यक्रियादिनिरूपणम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य-अकार्य-क्रिया-आदि-निरूपण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; शीर्षपद ‘निरूपणम्’ (exposition) with dvandva inside (कार्य+अकार्य) and tatpurusha links
नामnamed
नाम:
Vākyārtha-marker (वाक्यार्थ-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; नामार्थक/इति-अर्थे (called/namely)
चतुःचत्वारिंशःforty-fourth
चतुःचत्वारिंशः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुःचत्वारिंशत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ordinal sense ‘forty-fourth’ qualifying ‘अध्यायः’
अध्यायःchapter
अध्यायः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
श्रीविष्णुःŚrī Viṣṇu
श्रीविष्णुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्री-विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; honorific ‘श्री’ as qualifier
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
प्रत्यब्दम्every year
प्रत्यब्दम्:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति-अब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्यय (accusative used adverbially) = ‘every year’
श्राद्धम्śrāddha rite
श्राद्धम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Prakāra (प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकार (thus)
तेto you
ते:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; pronoun (to you/your)
कथयामिI tell
कथयामि:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकथय् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
खगेश्वरO lord of birds (Garuḍa)
खगेश्वर:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootखग-ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, संबोधन-प्रथमा (vocative), एकवचन
प्रत्यब्दम्every year
प्रत्यब्दम्:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति-अब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्यय = ‘every year’
पार्वणेनby the pārvaṇa (type of śrāddha)
पार्वणेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootपार्वण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; करण
एवonly/indeed
एव:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण (only/indeed)
कुर्याताम्the two should perform
कुर्याताम्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, द्विवचन; आत्मनेपद
क्षेत्रजौthe two sons born of the field (kṣetraja)
क्षेत्रजौ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्रज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन
रसौthe two (named) Rasas / the pair ‘Rasa’
रसौ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootरस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; here used as a paired designation with ‘क्षेत्रजौ’ (two persons)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Pratyabda (annual) śrāddha; chapter introduces rules especially for durmaraṇa contexts

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Even in cases of durmaraṇa (inauspicious/difficult death), annual śrāddha is to be regulated; pārvana method is prescribed as the standard yearly observance.

Vedantic Theme: Īśvara as śāstra-pravartaka: divine instruction orders human duty; dharma sustains cosmic and familial continuity.

Application: Observe annual śrāddha consistently; when death circumstances are complex, follow the chapter’s determinations and the pārvana framework under qualified guidance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: scriptural discourse space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Book 2, ch.45 (Durmaraṇa-kāryākārya): subsequent verses detailing exceptions, prohibitions, and prescriptions; Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: annual śrāddha (pratyabda) and pārvana/ekoddiṣṭa distinctions in ritual chapters

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda

FAQs

This verse introduces the rule that śrāddha is to be performed every year, establishing it as a recurring duty that sustains ancestral rites and dharmic continuity after death-related observances.

By framing the chapter around difficult/inauspicious death and then prescribing annual śrāddha, it links post-death welfare and the subtle journey with prescribed rites, implying that ritual support continues beyond immediate funeral ceremonies.

Maintain a consistent yearly śrāddha/ancestor-offering practice (as per one’s tradition and guidance of qualified priests), treating it as an ongoing dharmic responsibility rather than a one-time ritual.

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