Shloka 34

Ahaṅkāra-Tripartition and the Rise of Indriyas, Devatās, and Cosmic Administrators

Devanagari script

गङ्गासमस्तु पर्जन्य इति चोक्तः खगेश्वर / सविता ह्यर्यमा धाता पूषा त्वष्टा तथा भगः

Transliteration

gaṅgāsamastu parjanya iti coktaḥ khageśvara / savitā hyaryamā dhātā pūṣā tvaṣṭā tathā bhagaḥ

Translation

「ガンガー（Gaṅgā）が吉祥でありますように。雨神パルジャニヤ（Parjanya）はこのように宣言される」と、鳥の王よ。さらにサヴィトリ（Savitṛ）、アリヤマン（Aryaman）、ダーター（Dhātṛ）、プーシャン（Pūṣan）、トヴァシュトリ（Tvaṣṭṛ）、バガ（Bhaga）もまた招請され認められる。

Word by Word

• गङ्गासमः: equal to the Gaṅgā
• गङ्गासमः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गङ्गा + सम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (गङ्गायाः समः = equal to Gaṅgā)

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधान/विरोधसूचक (particle: 'indeed/but')

• पर्जन्यः: Parjanya
• पर्जन्यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्जन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरण (quotative: 'thus')

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction: 'and')

• उक्तः: is stated
• उक्तः: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त/Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन; कर्मणि—'is said'

• खगेश्वर: O lord of birds (Garuḍa)
• खगेश्वर: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खग + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (खगानाम् ईश्वरः)

• सविता: Savitṛ (Sun)
• सविता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन; सवितृ-शब्दः

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निश्चय/कारणसूचक (particle: 'indeed/for')

• अर्यमा: Aryaman
• अर्यमा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्यमन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन; अर्यमन्-शब्दः (stem in -man)

• धाता: Dhātā
• धाता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन; धातृ-शब्दः

• पूषा: Pūṣā
• पूषा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूषन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन; पूषन्-शब्दः

• त्वष्टा: Tvaṣṭā
• त्वष्टा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वष्टृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन; त्वष्टृ-शब्दः

• तथा: also
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (also)

• भगः: Bhaga
• भगः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Remembering and invoking cosmic regulators (Ādityas/related deities) as part of auspicious ordering of life and ritual speech.

Vedantic Theme: Īśvara as the one order (ṛta/dharma) appearing through many devatā-names; nāma-rūpa as pedagogical plurality.

Application: Use mangala-smaraṇa before rites, study, travel, or śrāddha; cultivate gratitude for rain, nourishment, craftsmanship, and social harmony represented by these deities.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: river

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.5.35-38 (continuation of enumerations: streams/divisions, Viśvedevas, Ṛbhus, Pitṛs)

Characters & Entities

• Ganga
• Parjanya
• Savitri (Savitṛ)
• Aryaman
• Dhata (Dhātṛ)
• Pusha (Pūṣan)
• Tvashtri (Tvaṣṭṛ)
• Bhaga
• Garuda (Khageshvara)

FAQs

What is the importance of invoking Ganga in the Garuda Purana context?

This verse places Gaṅgā as a primary purifier and auspicious force, aligning with Garuda Purana’s emphasis on cleansing impurity connected with death rites and supporting the departed’s onward journey.

Why are Parjanya and solar deities like Savitṛ mentioned together here?

They represent sustaining cosmic powers—rain, light, nourishment, crafting, and fortune—invoked to stabilize and sanctify rites, reflecting the Vedic framework that the Garuda Purana often integrates into preta-related observances.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

In remembrance or śrāddha-related practice, one can focus on purification (inner and outer), gratitude to sustaining forces of life, and ethical living—seeing prosperity and well-being as tied to dharma and orderly conduct (Aryaman).