Shloka 59

Kāraṇānvēṣaṇam: The 32 Marks of Hari, Defects (Doṣas), Death-Omens, and Hari’s Omnipresence in Social & Household Life

Devanagari script

तदभावैः षोडशभिः संयुक्तः संप्रकीर्तितः / तैः पञ्चदशभिश्चैव युक्तोग्रेज्यष्ठपुत्रकः

Transliteration

tadabhāvaiḥ ṣoḍaśabhiḥ saṃyuktaḥ saṃprakīrtitaḥ / taiḥ pañcadaśabhiścaiva yuktogrejyaṣṭhaputrakaḥ

Translation

それら十六の「不在の状態」と結びつく者は、伝承においてそのように宣説される。またそのうち十五と結びつく者は、八種の子（プトラカ）の中で「アグレージャ」—長子・最上位—と説かれる。

Word by Word

• तत्-अभावैः: with those absences
• तत्-अभावैः: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + अभाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (तस्य अभावाः)

• षोडशभिः: with sixteen
• षोडशभिः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षोडश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; numeral adjective qualifying अभावैः

• संयुक्तः: joined/combined
• संयुक्तः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्+युज् (धातु) → संयुक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past Passive Participle (क्त/PPP); Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; agrees with implied subject

• संप्रकीर्तितः: is declared/celebrated
• संप्रकीर्तितः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्+प्र+कीर्त् (धातु) → संप्रकीर्तित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past Passive Participle (क्त/PPP); Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate adjective

• तैः: by/with those
• तैः: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; pronoun

• पञ्चदशभिः: with fifteen
• पञ्चदशभिः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पञ्चदश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; numeral adjective

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• एव: indeed/only
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle of emphasis (निश्चय/अवधारण अव्यय)

• युक्तः: joined/endowed
• युक्तः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युज् (धातु) → युक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past Passive Participle (क्त/PPP); Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• अग्रेज्य-अष्ट-पुत्रकः: (one called) Agrejya, the eight-soned one / having eight sons
• अग्रेज्य-अष्ट-पुत्रकः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्रेज्य (प्रातिपदिक) + अष्ट (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + पुत्रक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (अग्रेज्यः + अष्टपुत्रकः)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: States defined by ‘absence’ (abhava) of faults/marks confer recognized statuses; linkage to putraka typology underscores dharmic valuation of progeny roles.

Vedantic Theme: Vyavaharika order: social categories operate within empirical reality; higher discernment sees them as functional, not ultimate.

Application: Value responsibilities of family/lineage without absolutizing them; cultivate qualities of restraint and clarity (fault-absence) that support stable family life and ritual continuity.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: household/lineage sphere (implied)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana discussions of putra/putraka categories and their ritual implications (contextual)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Putra (sons/heirs)
• Dharma (inheritance law context)

FAQs

What is the importance of classifying sons (putra-bheda) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse supports a technical hierarchy of recognized sons/heirs, which matters for dharma-based duties—especially who is eligible to continue lineage obligations and perform rites connected with the departed.

How does this verse connect to the soul’s journey after death in the Garuda Purana?

Although it is framed as heir/son classification, the implied purpose is ritual continuity: the correct performer of śrāddha and related offerings is central in Garuda Purana discussions of post-death welfare and the preta’s support.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat family duties and end-of-life rites as responsibilities guided by dharma: ensure that funeral/śrāddha observances are handled by appropriate family representatives with clarity, consent, and respect for tradition.