Shloka 48
Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa
Measures of Time and the Four Yugas
Devanagari script
अबुद्धिपूर्वकं तेषामक्रियापूर्वमेव च / अभिव्यक्तास्तु ते मन्त्रास्तारकाद्यैर्निदर्शनैः
Transliteration
abuddhipūrvakaṃ teṣāmakriyāpūrvameva ca / abhivyaktāstu te mantrāstārakādyairnidarśanaiḥ
Translation
彼らのマントラは、あらかじめ知によって作られたのでも、行為に先立って生じたのでもなく、星などの徴（しるし）によって顕現した。
Word by Word
a-buddhi-pūrvakamwithout prior understanding
a-buddhi-pūrvakam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roota-buddhi + pūrvaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (Avyaya), अव्ययीभाव-समास; क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial) — ‘without prior understanding’
teṣāmof them
teṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (contextual) — ‘of them’
a-kriyā-pūrvamwithout prior action/ritual performance
a-kriyā-pūrvam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roota-kriyā + pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (Avyaya), अव्ययीभाव-समास; क्रियाविशेषण — ‘without prior performance (of action)’
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle) — emphasis
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
abhivyaktāḥmanifested
abhivyaktāḥ:
Karta-pradhāna viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootabhi-√vyaj (व्यज् धातु) + kta (कृत्)
Formकृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन — ‘manifested’
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha/Contrast (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (adversative/contrast particle)
tethey/those
te:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन — ‘they/those’
mantrāḥmantras
mantrāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootmantra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
tāraka-ādyaiḥby tāraka and other (signs)
tāraka-ādyaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeAdjective
Roottāraka + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (आदि-समास: ‘tāraka etc.’); तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग — ‘by (means of) tāraka and others’
nidarśanaiḥby indications/examples
nidarśanaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootnidarśana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन — ‘by indications/examples’