Shloka 48
पितृसर्ग-श्राद्धप्रश्नाः
Pitri-Origins and Shraddha Queries
Devanagari script
न बभूवुस्तदा तात तमोभूतमभूज्जगत् / ब्रह्मैको दुश्चरं तत्र तताप परमं तपः
Transliteration
na babhūvustadā tāta tamobhūtamabhūjjagat / brahmaiko duścaraṃ tatra tatāpa paramaṃ tapaḥ
Translation
そのとき、子よ、何ものもなく、世界は闇となった。そこにただ梵天（ブラフマー）ひとりが、成し難い最上の苦行を修した。
Word by Word
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (Indeclinable), निषेध (Negation particle)
babhūvuḥcame to be/existed
babhūvuḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural)
tadāthen
tadā:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (Indeclinable), कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (Temporal adverb)
tātaO dear one/father
tāta:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Roottāta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन (Vocative/8th), एकवचन (Singular)
tamaḥ-bhūtambecome darkness/darkened
tamaḥ-bhūtam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeAdjective
Roottamas (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūta (कृदन्त, भू धातु)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc. 1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); कृदन्त: भूत (Past passive participle)
abhūtbecame
abhūt:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
Formलुङ् (Aorist/Imperfective past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
jagatthe world
jagat:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootjagat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc. 1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
brahmaBrahmā/Brahman
brahma:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक: ब्रह्मन्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc. 1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
ekaḥalone/one
ekaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
duścaramhard to perform
duścaram:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootduścara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
tatrathere
tatra:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Place)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (Indeclinable), देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (Locative adverb)
tatāpaperformed austerity/heat (did tapas)
tatāpa:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Roottap (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
paramamsupreme
paramam:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootparama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
tapaḥausterity
tapaḥ:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottapas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)