Brahma Purana — The Two Vedic Paths: Karma, Knowledge, and the Inner Self (Adhyatma), Shloka 19

Devanagari script

तमो रजश् च सत्त्वं च ज्ञेयं जीवगुणात्मकम् जीवम् आत्मगुणं विद्याद् आत्मानं परमात्मनः //

Translation

ここには番号「19」のみが示され、サンスクリット原文がないため、意味のある翻訳はできません。

Word by Word

• tamaḥ: darkness (tamas)
• tamaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tamas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• rajaḥ: activity/passion (rajas)
• rajaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rajas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• sattvam: purity/clarity (sattva)
• sattvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sattva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• jñeyam: to be known / knowable
• jñeyam: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jñā (धातु) → jñeya (कृदन्त, यत्-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Gerundive/obligatory participle (यत्-कृदन्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); predicative

• jīva-guṇa-ātmakam: having the nature of the jīva’s qualities
• jīva-guṇa-ātmakam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jīva (प्रातिपदिक) + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa compound; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन), agreeing with jñeyam (as predicate)

• jīvam: the living being (jīva)
• jīvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ātma-guṇam: having the qualities of the self
• ātma-guṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक) + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), agreeing with jīvam

• vidyāt: one should know
• vidyāt: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vid (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• ātmānam: the self
• ātmānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• parama-ātmanaḥ: of the Supreme Self
• parama-ātmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya compound (कर्मधारय) ‘supreme self’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

Speaker

• Didactic exposition within the chapter; no direct addressee named in this verse