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Shloka 20

Kali-yuga Dynasties and the Degradation of Kingship

हत्वा काण्वं सुशर्माणं तद् भृत्यो वृषलो बली । गां भोक्ष्यत्यन्ध्रजातीय: कञ्चित् कालमसत्तम: ॥ २० ॥

hatvā kāṇvaṁ suśarmāṇaṁ tad-bhṛtyo vṛṣalo balī gāṁ bhokṣyaty andhra-jātīyaḥ kañcit kālam asattamaḥ

カーンヴァ最後の王スシュルマーは、己の召使いであるバリー—アーンドラ族の卑しいシュードラ—に殺される。この最も堕落したマハーラージャ・バリーが、しばらくの間大地を支配する。

hatvāhaving killed
hatvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Roothan (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (Gerund/Absolutive) ‘having killed’
kāṇvamKāṇva
kāṇvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkāṇva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
suśarmāṇamSuśarmā
suśarmāṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsuśarman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; proper name
tathis
tat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-सम्बन्धे (genitive sense) in compound with bhṛtya; ‘of him’
bhṛtyaḥservant
bhṛtyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhṛtya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; with tat- forming tat-bhṛtyaḥ
vṛṣalaḥa low-born man, outcaste
vṛṣalaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛṣala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; predicate/apposition
balīstrong
balī:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbalin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; adjective to vṛṣalaḥ/bhṛtyaḥ
gāmthe earth
gām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
bhokṣyatiwill rule/enjoy
bhokṣyati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhuj (धातु)
Formलृट्-लकार (Future), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
andhra-jātīyaḥAndhra-born
andhra-jātīyaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootandhra + jātīya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘of Andhra stock’
kañcitsome
kañcit:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; with kālam
kālamtime, period
kālam:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; accusative of duration
asattamaḥmost wicked
asattamaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootasat-tama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष/उपपद: asat + tama (superlative) ‘worst among the wicked’

Here is a further description of how uncultured men infiltrated government administration. The so-called king named Balī is described as asattama, a most impious, uncultured man.

S
Suśarmā
K
Kāṇva (dynasty)
A
Andhra (people)

FAQs

This verse foretells that dynastic rule will collapse into betrayal and usurpation—even a king’s own servant can seize the throne—showing how adharma replaces noble leadership in Kali Yuga.

Śukadeva uses this as a concrete prophecy: after the Kāṇvas, power shifts to new groups and unqualified rulers, illustrating the social and moral upheaval characteristic of Kali Yuga.

Worldly power structures are unstable in Kali Yuga; therefore, one should place faith in bhakti and dharma rather than expecting lasting security from political rulers.