Shloka 41
Vasudeva and Devakī Glorify Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma; The Recovery of Devakī’s Six Sons from Sutala
दैत्यदानवगन्धर्वा: सिद्धविद्याध्रचारणा: । यक्षरक्ष:पिशाचाश्च भूतप्रमथनायका: ॥ ४१ ॥ विशुद्धसत्त्वधाम्न्यद्धा त्वयि शास्त्रशरीरिणि । नित्यं निबद्धवैरास्ते वयं चान्ये च तादृशा: ॥ ४२ ॥ केचनोद्बद्धवैरेण भक्त्या केचन कामत: । न तथा सत्त्वसंरब्धा: सन्निकृष्टा: सुरादय: ॥ ४३ ॥
daitya-dānava-gandharvāḥ siddha-vidyādhra-cāraṇāḥ yakṣa-rakṣaḥ-piśācāś ca bhūta-pramatha-nāyakāḥ
かつて常に御身への怨敵心に沈んでいた者たちが、ついには御身に惹かれていきました。御身は超越の清浄サットヴァそのものの住処であり、御身の神聖なる御姿は啓示聖典（シャーストラ）そのものの身体だからです。その改心した敵には、ダイティヤ、ダーナヴァ、ガンダルヴァ、シッダ、ヴィディヤーダラ、チャーラナ、ヤクシャ、ラークシャサ、ピシャーチャ、ブータ、プラマタ、ナーヤカ、そして私たちや同類の多くが含まれます。ある者は激しい憎悪によって、ある者は欲情に寄り添うバクティによって御身へと引き寄せられました。しかし物質的な善性に酔う神々などは、そのような引力を御身に対して感じません。
Śrīla Jīva Gosvāmī explains this passage as follows: The Gandharvas, Siddhas, Vidyādharas and Cāraṇas are adversaries of the Supreme Lord when they follow the lead of the Daitya and Dānava demons. The Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, Piśācas and so on tend to be inimical because they are generally covered by ignorance. There are some rascals in the pure mode of ignorance, like Śiśupāla and Pauṇḍraka, who are totally absorbed in meditation on the Lord as their enemy, and this fixed consciousness earns them liberation. Others, in a mixed condition of passion and ignorance, associate with the Lord with a desire for position and prestige; Mahārāja Bali sees himself as belonging to this category. Yet Lord Viṣṇu favored Bali by becoming his doorkeeper in the subterranean region of Sutala, just as He favored the demons by killing and liberating them, and the Gandharvas by engaging them in singing His glories. On the other hand, the Lord awards sense gratification to those demigods who are proud of their being situated in the mode of goodness; thus they become deluded and forget Him.
FAQs
The verse names many classes of celestial and subterranean beings—Daityas, Dānavas, Gandharvas, Siddhas, Vidyādharas, Cāraṇas, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, Piśācas, and leaders of Bhūtas and Pramathas—showing the vast range of personalities present to glorify Kṛṣṇa.
Bhāgavata theology emphasizes that Kṛṣṇa’s supremacy draws all categories of beings; even those known for tamasic tendencies can participate in glorification when confronted with the Lord’s transcendental presence.
Spiritual progress is not limited by social or cosmic status—what matters is turning one’s attention toward the Supreme through hearing and glorification.