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Srimad Bhagavatam — Chaturtha Skandha, Shloka 1

Pṛthu Mahārāja’s Renunciation, Austerities, Departure, and the Glory of Hearing His History

मैत्रेय उवाच दृष्ट्वात्मानं प्रवयसमेकदा वैन्य आत्मवान् । आत्मना वर्धिताशेषस्वानुसर्ग: प्रजापति: ॥ १ ॥ जगतस्तस्थुषश्चापि वृत्तिदो धर्मभृत्सताम् । निष्पादितेश्वरादेशो यदर्थमिह जज्ञिवान् ॥ २ ॥ आत्मजेष्वात्मजां न्यस्य विरहाद्रुदतीमिव । प्रजासु विमन:स्वेक: सदारोऽगात्तपोवनम् ॥ ३ ॥

maitreya uvāca dṛṣṭvātmānaṁ pravayasam ekadā vainya ātmavān ātmanā vardhitāśeṣa- svānusargaḥ prajāpatiḥ

マイトレーヤは語った。生涯の終わりに、ヴァイニャ・プṛトゥは自らの老いを見て悟った。動くものも動かぬものも含む世界に生計を与え、ダルマを担う聖者たちを守るその偉大なるプラジャーパティは、バガヴァーンの命令を完全な調和のうちに成し遂げた。ついで彼は、蓄えたすべての富をダルマに従って万物に分かち与え、大地を娘と見なして息子たちに託した。王との別離に民は嘆き泣かんばかりであったが、彼は彼らを後にし、妻とともに独りで苦行の森へ赴き、タパスを修した。

मैत्रेयःMaitreya
मैत्रेयः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमैत्रेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; Proper noun
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
क्रिया (Kriyā/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
पूर्वकाल (Pūrvakāla/पूर्वकाल)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive)
आत्मानम्himself
आत्मानम्:
कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन; Reflexive pronoun-like usage
प्रवयसम्aged; advanced in years
प्रवयसम्:
कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवयस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण
एकदाonce
एकदा:
कालाधिकरण (Kāla-adhikaraṇa/कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएकदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)
वैन्यःVainya (Pṛthu)
वैन्यः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवैन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; patronymic (son of Vena)
आत्मवान्self-possessed
आत्मवान्:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
आत्मनाby himself
आत्मना:
करण (Karaṇa/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; Instrumental
वर्धितincreased; expanded
वर्धित:
विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootवर्ध् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle)
अशेषentire; without remainder
अशेष:
विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (contextual), अव्ययीभावार्थे?; here as adjective in compound: 'entire'
स्व-अनुसर्गःhis own progeny/lineage
स्व-अनुसर्गः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक) + अनुसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (स्वः अनुसर्गः = own progeny/creation)
प्रजापतिःlord of creatures
प्रजापतिः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा + पति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (प्रजानां पतिः)

Mahārāja Pṛthu was one of the śaktyāveśa incarnations of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and as such he appeared on the surface of the earth to execute the orders of the Supreme. As stated in Bhagavad-gītā, the Supreme Lord is the proprietor of all planets, and He is always anxious to see that in each and every planet the living entities are happily living and executing their duties. As soon as there is some discrepancy in the execution of duties, the Lord appears on earth, as confirmed in Bhagavad-gītā (4.7) : yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānir bhavati bhārata.

M
Maitreya
P
Prithu Maharaja (Vainya)
K
King Vena

FAQs

This verse shows that when one recognizes the arrival of old age, a wise person—like King Pṛthu—turns from worldly administration toward detachment and higher spiritual purpose.

Vainya is King Pṛthu, the son of King Vena. He is called Prajāpati because he protected and expanded the citizens and orderly progeny under dharma, acting as a true progenitor-ruler.

Regularly reflect on life’s impermanence, fulfill duties responsibly, and gradually increase spiritual practices (hearing, chanting, and service) so that detachment arises naturally when life’s phases change.