Sutra 13

Devanagari script

परसस्यापहारिणः पञ्चाशद्गुणः सीतात्ययः स्ववर्गस्य बाह्यस्य तु वधः ॥ कZ_०५.२.१३ ॥

Transliteration

parasasyāpahāriṇaḥ pañcāśadguṇaḥ sītātyayaḥ svavargasya bāhyasya tu vadhaḥ

Translation

他人の作物を盗む者には、罰金／弁償は五十倍とする。これは「シーター」（国家の農業収入／産出）に対する罪である。犯人が自分の集団の者であれば（その）罰を科し、外部の者であれば処刑する。

Word by Word

• परस्य: of another (person); of someone else
• Type: Noun (pronoun/adjectival stem)
• Root: पर
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम् (पुं/नपुं), ‘पर’ (= other’s) used substantively

• अपहारिणः: of the taker-away; of the thief/robber
• Type: Noun (agent noun)
• Root: अप-√हृ
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; ‘अपहारिन्’ = one who takes away/steals

• पञ्चाशत्-गुणः: fiftyfold (as a multiple)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्चाशत् + गुण
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; ‘पञ्चाशद्गुणः’ = fiftyfold (penalty)

• सीता-अत्ययः: the offence/defalcation concerning ‘Sītā’ (state produce/revenue)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सीता + अत्यय
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; ‘सीतात्ययः’ = transgression/defalcation relating to Sītā

• स्ववर्गस्य: of one’s own group (insiders)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्व + वर्ग
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; ‘स्ववर्ग’ = one’s own group/party (insiders)

• बाह्यस्य: of an outsider
• Type: Noun (adjectival stem used substantively)
• Root: बाह्य
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम् (पुं/नपुं), ‘external person/outsider’

• तु: but; however
• Type: Particle
• Root: तु
• Form: निपात (contrastive)

• वधः: execution; putting to death
• Type: Noun
• Root: √वध् (वध)
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; ‘killing/execution’

Entities Mentioned

• offender (insider vs outsider)
• victim cultivator (implied)
• Sītā (state agricultural establishment/revenue)

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative logic behind harsher treatment of outsiders?

Outsiders are treated as predatory threats to rural order and revenue; exemplary punishment is used to secure borders and deter raiding.