Sutra 12
Devanagari script
उपनिविष्टसमाप्तयोरुपनिविष्टं पृथग्यानस्थानमतिसंधायारिं युध्येत न समाप्तमरिणैकस्थानयानम् ॥ कZ_०८.५.१२ ॥
Transliteration
upaniviṣṭasamāptayor upaniviṣṭaṃ pṛthagyānasthānam atisaṃdhāyāriṃ yudhyeta na samāptam ariṇaikasthānayānam
Translation
単に野営している敵と、（集結・準備を）完了した敵とを比べるなら、分散した行軍／配置の要点を突いて野営中の敵と戦うべきである。移動と駐屯が一か所に統合された、完全に整った敵とは戦うべきではない。
Word by Word
उपनिविष्टसमाप्तयोःof (the two situations) ‘encamped/settled’ and ‘completed/finished’
उपनिविष्टसमाप्तयोः:
TypeNoun/Adjective (compound)
Rootउप-नि-√विश्; √समाप्
Formषष्ठी-द्विवचन; पुं/नपुं (संदर्भानुसार); उपनिविष्ट (ppp) + समाप्त (ppp) — ‘उपनिविष्ट’ तथा ‘समाप्त’ (अवस्थाद्वय)
उपनिविष्टम्the encamped (force/position)
उपनिविष्टम्:
TypeAdjective/Participle used substantively
Rootउप-नि-√विश्
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसक/पुं (संदर्भानुसार); भूतकृदन्त (क्त)
पृथक्separately; apart
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
Formअव्यय
यानस्थानम्the marching position/place (place of movement/advance)
यानस्थानम्:
TypeNoun (compound)
Root√या; √स्था
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘यान’ (march/expedition) + ‘स्थान’ (position/place)
अतिसंधायhaving disregarded / having passed beyond (that consideration)
अतिसंधाय:
TypeGerund
Rootअति-सम्-√धा
Formक्त्वान्त (ल्यप्) अव्यय; ‘having overstepped/ignored; having passed beyond (the rule/consideration)’
अरिम्the enemy
अरिम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअरी (शत्रु)
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
युध्येतshould fight
युध्येत:
TypeVerb
Root√युध्
Formविधिलिङ्/आशीर्लिङ् (optative); आत्मनेपद; प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
नnot
न:
TypeParticle
Rootन
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय
समाप्तम्the completed/finished (state/operation)
समाप्तम्:
TypeAdjective/Participle used substantively
Root√समाप्
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; भूतकृदन्त (क्त)
अरिणाby/with the enemy
अरिणा:
TypeNoun
Rootअरी (शत्रु)
Formतृतीया-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
एकस्थानयानम्a march/advance from a single position (single-line movement)
एकस्थानयानम्:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootएक; √स्था; √या
Formप्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘एक-स्थान’ (in one place/one position) + ‘यान’ (march/advance)
Entities Mentioned
K
kingE
enemyFAQs
Encampment and dispersed halts create seams—routes, detachments, and supply points that can be struck separately.