Sutra 43
Devanagari script
तयोरप्यन्यतरपराजयोऽस्तीति नलयुधिष्ठिराभ्यां व्याख्यातम् ॥ कZ_०८.३.४३ ॥
Transliteration
tayor apy anyataraparājayo 'stīti nalayudhiṣṭhirābhyāṃ vyākhyātam
Translation
というのも、その二者（熟練者と相手）の間でさえ一方の敗北が起こるからであり、これはナラとユディシュティラによって例示される。
Word by Word
तयोःof those two
तयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formsarvanāma; genitive dual (षष्ठी-द्विवचन)
अपिalso; even
अपि:
TypeParticle
Rootअपि
Formnipāta; emphatic/inclusive particle
अन्यतरone of the two (either one)
अन्यतर:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्यतर
Formpronominal adjective; nominative singular masculine (प्रथमा-एकवचन-पुं) used with implied noun (e.g., पक्षः/जनः)
पराजयःdefeat; loss
पराजयः:
TypeNoun
Rootपराजय
Formmasculine; nominative singular (प्रथमा-एकवचन)
अस्तिthere is; exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
Formpresent indicative; parasmaipada; 3rd person singular (लट्, प्र.पु., एकवचन)
इतिthus
इति:
TypeQuotative particle
Rootइति
Formnipāta; marks end of quotation/thought
नलby Nala
नल:
TypeProper Noun
Rootनल
Formmasculine; instrumental singular (तृतीया-एकवचन)
युधिष्ठिरby Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeProper Noun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
Formmasculine; instrumental singular (तृतीया-एकवचन)
आभ्याम्by the two (together)
आभ्याम्:
TypeDual-instrumental marker
Root(द्वि-प्रयोगः)
Forminstrumental dual ending (तृतीया-द्विवचन) completing the dvandva sense with the two preceding names: ‘नल-युधिष्ठिर-आभ्याम्’ = ‘by Nala and Yudhiṣṭhira’
व्याख्यातम्has been explained; was expounded
व्याख्यातम्:
TypeVerb (Past Passive Participle)
Rootव्याख्या + कृ (कृञ्)
FormPPP (क्त); neuter nominative/accusative singular; passive sense: ‘has been explained’
Entities Mentioned
N
NalaY
YudhiṣṭhiraFAQs
He shifts from ‘skill guarantees victory’ to ‘outcomes are unstable’; therefore gambling cannot be justified as a controlled, predictable activity.