Sutra 5
Devanagari script
स्वाम्यमात्यजनपददुर्गकोशदण्डमित्रव्यसनानां पूर्वं पूर्वं गरीयः इत्याचार्याः ॥ कZ_०८.१.०५ ॥
Transliteration
svāmyamātyajanapadadurgakośadaṇḍamitravyasanānāṃ pūrvaṃ pūrvaṃ garīyaḥ ityācāryāḥ
Translation
師たちは言う。王、重臣、民（国土）、城塞、国庫、軍、同盟者に及ぶ災厄のうち、先に挙げられるものほど後のものより重大である。
Word by Word
स्वामिthe king/sovereign
स्वामि:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वामिन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)
अमात्यminister; high official
अमात्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)
जनपदterritory; realm/country (people and land)
जनपद:
TypeNoun
Rootजनपद
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)
दुर्गfort; fortress
दुर्ग:
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)
कोशtreasury; financial resources
कोश:
TypeNoun
Rootकोश
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)
दण्डcoercive power; punishment/army (state force)
दण्ड:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)
मित्रally; friend (allied power)
मित्र:
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)
व्यसनcalamities; misfortunes/vices
व्यसन:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यसन
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-बहुवचन (व्यसनानाम्)
पूर्वम्the earlier/preceding (one)
पूर्वम्:
TypeAdjective (used adverbially)
Rootपूर्व
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव-प्रयोग (adverbial: ‘earlier/preceding’)
पूर्वम्(is) prior/preceding (to the next)
पूर्वम्:
TypeAdjective (used adverbially)
Rootपूर्व
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति (correlative: ‘each preceding’)
गरीयःmore weighty; more important
गरीयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुरु
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; तुलनात्मक (comparative)
इतिthus; as follows
इति:
TypeParticle
Rootइति
Formउद्धरण/निगमनार्थक अव्यय (quotative)
आचार्याःthe teachers/authorities (ācāryas)
आचार्याः:
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन
Entities Mentioned
S
svāmi (king)A
amātya (ministers)J
janapada (people/territory)D
durga (fort)K
kośa (treasury)D
daṇḍa (army/coercive power)M
mitra (ally)Ā
ācārya (teachers)FAQs
Protect upstream determinants first: leadership integrity and ministerial competence condition everything else; losing them cascades into failures of revenue, defense, and alliances.
Prioritize executive decision continuity, cabinet/administrative functionality, and population-territory stability before infrastructure, fiscal reserves, military operations, and external partnerships.