Sutra 3

Devanagari script

अतोऽन्यथा वा विकल्पयेत्सहाध्यायिभयात् ॥ कZ_०१.२०.०३ ॥

Transliteration

ato'nyathā vā vikalpayet sahādhyāyibhayāt

Translation

さもなければ、内通者／身近な側近（習慣や手順を知る者）を恐れて、代替の手立ても講じるべきである。

Word by Word

• अतः: therefore; for this reason
• Type: Avyaya
• Root: अतः
• Form: अव्यय; अपादान/हेतु-अर्थे ‘अतः’ = ‘इस कारण/अतः’

• अन्यथा: otherwise; in another way
• Type: Avyaya
• Root: अन्यथा
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकार/विपरीत-अर्थे

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: निपात; विकल्प/समुच्चयार्थक ‘वा’

• विकल्पयेत्: he should make an alternative (arrangement); he should vary/choose an alternative
• Type: Verb
• Root: विकल्पय् (वि+कल्प्)
• Form: लिङ् (विधिलिङ्), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; धातु: √कल्प् (भ्वादि) उपसर्ग: वि-; causative नहीं (साधारण धातु-प्रयोग)

• सहाध्यायिभयात्: from fear of (his) fellow students/colleagues
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहाध्यायिन् + भय
• Form: पुं/नपुं? (भय-शब्दः नपुंसकलिङ्गः); एकवचनम्, पञ्चमी (अपादान); समास: सहाध्यायिनः भयम् = सहाध्यायि-भयम्, तस्मात् (पञ्चमी)

Entities Mentioned

• sahādhyāyin

More Details

FAQs

Who are “sahādhyāyins” in a governance context?

Insiders with proximity and knowledge—companions, courtiers, or those trained with the ruler—who can exploit predictable routines.

What modern security concept matches “vikalpayet”?

Operational security through unpredictability: rotating routes, schedules, access paths, and guard patterns to reduce attack planning.