Sutra 20
Devanagari script
तुलामानान्तरमर्घवर्णान्तरं वा धरकस्य मायकस्य वा पणमूल्यादष्टभागं हस्तदोषेणाचरतो द्विशतो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.२.२० ॥
Transliteration
tulāmānāntaram arghavarṇāntaraṃ vā dharakasya māyakasya vā paṇamūlyād aṣṭabhāgaṃ hastadoṣeṇācarato dviśato daṇḍaḥ
Translation
保有者（商品保管者）または欺く者が、手先の操作によって、度量衡または申告された価格・等級において、価値の8分の1に当たる差異を生じさせた場合、罰金は200パナ（paṇas）である。
Word by Word
तुलाweighing scale; balance
तुला:
TypeNoun
Rootतुला
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (सन्दर्भे ‘तुला’ = weighing balance/scale)
मानmeasure; measurement
मान:
TypeNoun
Rootमा (माने)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन
अन्तरम्difference; discrepancy; shortfall
अन्तरम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन
अर्घprice; value
अर्घ:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्घ
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (पूर्वपद)
वर्णquality; grade; class
वर्ण:
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (पूर्वपद)
अन्तरम्difference; variation
अन्तरम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formअव्यय (विकल्पार्थक)
धरकस्यof the holder/keeper (of weights/measures)
धरकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधरक
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन
मायकस्यof the measurer
मायकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootमायक
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formअव्यय (विकल्पार्थक)
पणमूल्यात्from the sale price/value
पणमूल्यात्:
TypeNoun
Rootपणमूल्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी एकवचन (अपादान)
अष्टभागम्one-eighth (part)
अष्टभागम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टभाग
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (परिमाण/दण्डनिर्धारणे)
हस्तदोषेणby a hand-fault; by manual manipulation
हस्तदोषेण:
TypeNoun
Rootहस्तदोष
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (करण/हेतु)
आचरतः(who) practices/commits (such manipulation)
आचरतः:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-चर् (आचरणे)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथमा/षष्ठी?—वर्तमानकाले ‘आचरन्’ इत्यर्थे; here used as present participial sense ‘one who practices/does’ (agent in genitive with धरकस्य/मायकस्य)
द्विशतःof two hundred
द्विशतः:
TypeNumeral
Rootद्विशत
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन (दण्डस्य विशेषण)
दण्डःfine; penalty
दण्डः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
Entities Mentioned
M
merchant/custodian (dharaka)D
deceiver (māyaka)I
inspector/judge (implied)FAQs
A focus on practical methods of cheating at the point of transaction (manual manipulation), suggesting inspection and evidentiary attention to technique.
Because fraud can be executed not only by quantity manipulation but also by misdeclaring grade/class or price category.