Sutra 8
Devanagari script
मुषितं प्रवासितं चैषामनिर्गतं रात्रौ ग्रामस्वामी दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०८ ॥
Transliteration
muṣitaṃ pravāsitaṃ caiṣāmanirgataṃ rātrau grāmasvāmī dadyāt
Translation
夜間の滞在中（すなわち未出立の間）に彼らの財物が盗まれ、または損害を被った場合、村長／村主（grāmasvāmī）が補償しなければならない。
Word by Word
मुषितम्(property) stolen
मुषितम्:
TypeParticiple (Verbal adjective)
Rootमुṣ् (मुष्)
Formकृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्यय (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (contextually ‘that which has been stolen’)
प्रवासितम्(property) carried away / removed
प्रवासितम्:
TypeParticiple (Verbal adjective)
Rootप्र-√वस् (वस्)
Formकृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्यय; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (contextually ‘that which has been carried away/removed’)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
एषाम्of these (persons)
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (एतद्-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी; बहुवचन; (of these persons)
अनिर्गतम्not brought out / not forthcoming
अनिर्गतम्:
TypeParticiple (Verbal adjective)
Rootअन्-निर्-√गम् (गम्)
Formनञ्-पूर्वक; कृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्यय (understood: ‘न निर्गतम्’ = not gone out/ not produced); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा/द्वितीया
रात्रौat night
रात्रौ:
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; एकवचन; सप्तमी (locative of time)
ग्रामस्वामीthe village head (grama-lord)
ग्रामस्वामी:
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम + स्वामिन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा (कर्ता)
दद्यात्should give / should pay (compensation)
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Root√दा (दा)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन
Entities Mentioned
V
village headman (grāmasvāmī)C
caravan merchants/guestsFAQs
A liability rule that incentivizes village leadership to provide effective night security for lodged traders/guests.
It increases trader confidence and stabilizes commerce, indirectly supporting taxation and market activity.