Sutra 7

Devanagari script

अकृत्वा वृद्धिं साधयतो वर्धयतो वा मूल्यं वा वृद्धिमारोप्य श्रावयतो बन्धचतुर्गुणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०३.११.०७ ॥

Transliteration

akṛtvā vṛddhiṃ sādhayato vardhayato vā mūlyaṃ vā vṛddhim āropya śrāvayato bandhacaturguṇo daṇḍaḥ

Translation

正当な根拠なく利息を取り立て、またはそれを増額し、または評価額をつり上げ、または利息を付加して公に申し立て／記録させた場合、刑罰は（当該額の）四倍で、拘禁・保証（供託）等の措置を伴う。

Word by Word

• अकृत्वा: without making (it), without effecting
• Type: Verb (absolutive)
• Root: कृ
• Form: कृ-धातु; क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund); नञ्-पूर्वक (अ-); ‘having not done/made’

• वृद्धिम्: interest; increase
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृद्धि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्म/विषय (increase/interest)

• साधयतः: of (a person) who accomplishes/realizes (it)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: साधय् (साध्)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त; शतृ-प्रत्यय; परस्मैपदी; पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन (gen. sg.)—‘of one who is accomplishing/realizing’

• वर्धयतः: of (a person) who increases (it)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: वर्धय् (वृध्)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त; शतृ-प्रत्यय; परस्मैपदी; पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन (gen. sg.)—‘of one who increases (it)’

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय (disjunctive ‘or’)

• मूल्यम्: price; value
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूल्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्म/विषय (price/value)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

• वृद्धिम्: interest; increase
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृद्धि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन

• आरोप्य: having imposed/added (as a charge)
• Type: Verb (absolutive)
• Root: आ-रुप्/आ-रोप् (रुह्/रोपयति)
• Form: आ-√रुह्/रोपय्-भाव; ल्यप्/क्त्वा-समकक्ष अव्यय (gerund) ‘having imposed/added/charged’

• श्रावयतः: of (a person) who announces/proclaims
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: श्रावय् (श्रु)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त; शतृ-प्रत्यय; णिच् (causative) ‘to cause to hear/announce’; पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन (gen. sg.)—‘of one who proclaims/announces’

• बन्ध: pledge; bond; security
• Type: Noun (as qualifier)
• Root: बन्ध
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रातिपदिक; ‘bond/pledge’—समासपूर्वपद (in बन्धचतुर्गुणः)

• चतुर्गुणः: fourfold; quadruple
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: चतुर्गुण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘fourfold’ (qualifying दण्डः); (चतुर् + गुण)

• दण्डः: penalty; fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विधेय (predicate)

Entities Mentioned

• lender/collector
• debtor
• court/registry
• enforcement officers

More Details

FAQs

What behaviors are being targeted in this sutra?

Fabricating or exaggerating interest/valuation and then pressing it through public assertion or legal process—i.e., proceduralized financial fraud.

Why combine fourfold penalty with bandha (restraint)?

To both disgorge gains (economic deterrence) and prevent repeat coercion during adjudication (administrative control of enforcement violence).