Sutra 21

Devanagari script

स्वगृहप्रद्वारेषु गृहस्वामिनो वसेयुः असम्पातिनो रात्रौ ॥ कZ_०२.३६.२१ ॥

Transliteration

svagṛhapradvāreṣu gṛhasvāmino vaseyuḥ asampātino rātrau

Translation

夜には、家長は自宅の表門にとどまり、警戒を怠らず不注意であってはならない。

Word by Word

• स्वगृह-प्रद्वारेषु: at the front-doors of their own houses
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: द्वार (with उपसर्ग प्र-; compounded with स्वगृह)
• Form: सप्तमी-बहुवचनम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग (द्वार) ; अधिकरणे सप्तमी

• गृहस्वामिनः: the householders / house-owners
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वामिन् (compound with गृह)
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्; पुल्लिङ्ग

• वसेयुः: should stay / should reside
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वस् (निवासे)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचनम्

• असम्पातिनः: not making sudden rushes/raids; not acting by sudden sallies
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: सम् + √पत् (गत्यर्थे/पतने) → सम्पातिन् (one who comes/arrives suddenly); with privative अ-
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्; पुल्लिङ्ग; गृहस्वामिनः इति विशेषणम्

• रात्रौ: at night
• Type: Noun (time adverbial)
• Root: रात्रि
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनम्; स्त्रीलिङ्ग; कालाधिकरणे सप्तमी

Entities Mentioned

• householders
• night watch (implied)

More Details

FAQs

What governance logic underlies requiring householders to keep watch?

Distributed monitoring: the state extends enforcement capacity by making residents part of the early-warning system.