Sutra 5

Devanagari script

निरुत्साहस्तु प्रभाववान् राजा विक्रमाभिपन्नो नश्यति इत्याचार्याः ॥ कZ_०९.१.०५ ॥

Transliteration

nirutsāhas tu prabhāvavān rājā vikramābhipanno naśyati ity ācāryāḥ

Translation

しかし、物質的に強大であっても気概（主導性）に欠ける王は、勇敢な奮闘（すなわち高リスクの行動）へと追い込まれると滅びる――と諸師は言う。

Word by Word

• निरुत्साहः: one who is devoid of initiative/energy
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्साह
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; निः/निर् (नञर्थक उपसर्गसदृश) + उत्साह

• तु: but, indeed
• Type: Particle
• Root: तु
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/विशेषणार्थे (but/indeed)

• प्रभाववान्: powerful, influential
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रभाववत्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; -वत् प्रत्ययान्त विशेषण

• राजा: the king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन

• विक्रमाभिपन्नः: having resorted to/undertaken valor (relying on mere prowess)
• Type: Participle (Verbal adjective)
• Root: अभि√पद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) ‘अभिपन्न’; उपसर्ग: अभि-; पूर्वपद: विक्रम (पराक्रम/उद्यम)

• नश्यति: perishes, is ruined
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नश्
• Form: लट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• इति: thus
• Type: Quotative particle
• Root: इति
• Form: अव्यय; वाक्यसमाप्ति/उद्धरणचिह्न

• आचार्याः: the teachers/authorities (say)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आचार्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-बहुवचन

Entities Mentioned

• ācāryāḥ (teachers)
• rājā
• utsāha
• prabhāva

More Details

FAQs

What is the structural lesson for modern governance?

Large capacity without leadership drive and adaptive execution collapses under crisis or forced escalation.