Previous Verse
Next Verse

Agni Purana — Kosha, Shloka 4

Adhyāya 361 — अव्ययवर्गः

Avyaya-vargaḥ) — The Section on Indeclinables (Colophon/Closure

शालावृकौ कपिश्वानौ मानं स्यान्मितिसाधनं सर्गः स्वभावनिर्मोक्षनिश् चयाध्यायस्मृष्टिषु

śālāvṛkau kapiśvānau mānaṃ syānmitisādhanaṃ sargaḥ svabhāvanirmokṣaniś cayādhyāyasmṛṣṭiṣu

「śālāvṛka」および「kapiśvāna」は(ある種の)ジャッカルを指す。「māna」とは測定を成り立たせるもの。「sarga」は、創造・本性・解脱・確定・章(アディヤーヤ)・集成(コンペンディウム)の意で用いられる。

śālāvṛkautwo ‘śālāvṛka’ (jackals/house-wolves)
śālāvṛkau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśālāvṛka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Dual (द्विवचन); समासः शाला+वृक (षष्ठी/तत्पुरुष)
kapiśvānautwo ‘kapiśvāna’ (monkey-dogs / a kind of animal)
kapiśvānau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkapiśvāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Dual (द्विवचन); समासः kapi+śvāna (कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-प्राय)
mānammeasure; standard
mānam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
syātwould be / is said to be
syāt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (अस् धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
miti-sādhanaminstrument/means of measuring
miti-sādhanam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmiti+sādhana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); समासः miti (मापनम्)+sādhana (साधनम्) (षष्ठी/तत्पुरुष)
sargaḥcreation; emanation
sargaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsarga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
svabhāva-nirmokṣa-niścaya-adhyāya-smṛṣṭiṣuin (the contexts/meanings of) nature, liberation, ascertainment, chapter, creation
svabhāva-nirmokṣa-niścaya-adhyāya-smṛṣṭiṣu:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsvabhāva+nirmokṣa+niścaya+adhyāya+smṛṣṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Plural (बहुवचन); समाहार-द्वन्द्वः (समुच्चय) — ‘in (the senses of) nature, release, ascertainment, chapter, creation’

Lord Agni (instructing Vasiṣṭha, standard Agni Purāṇa dialogue frame)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Alamkara","secondary_vidya":"Vyakarana","practical_application":"Nighaṇṭu-style word-sense disambiguation for reading poetry, śāstra, and Purāṇic prose; helps interpret polysemous terms like sarga across contexts.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Polysemy entries: śālāvṛka/kapiśvāna, māna, sarga","lookup_keywords":["śālāvṛka","kapiśvāna","māna","sarga","artha-bheda"],"quick_summary":"Gives synonymy for ‘jackal’ and technical definition of ‘māna’ (instrument/means of measuring), and lists multiple accepted senses of ‘sarga’ used across śāstra and kāvya."}

Concept: Śabda-artha-viveka: one word can legitimately carry many senses; meaning is fixed by context (prakaraṇa).

Application: Avoids mistranslation in cosmology (‘sarga’ as creation), mokṣa-discourse (‘sarga’ as liberation-related usage), and textual structure (‘adhyāya/saṃgraha’).

Khanda Section: Sahitya-shastra (Chandas, Nirukta, Lexicography)

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A learned ācārya points to a palm-leaf lexicon while students note multiple meanings of ‘sarga’ and ‘māna’; a small vignette shows a jackal labeled śālāvṛka/kapiśvāna.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala temple mural style, warm earthy palette, guru in traditional attire teaching from palm-leaf manuscript, students seated, side vignette of jackal with Sanskrit labels, ornamental borders, flat iconic composition","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, central seated guru with halo-like arch, gold-leaf highlights on manuscript stand and ornaments, students in reverent pose, small jackal motif at bottom with calligraphic labels","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting style, fine linework, instructional classroom scene with palm-leaf manuscript, clear Devanagari labels for māna and sarga senses, muted colors, delicate shading","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, courtly scholarly setting, detailed textiles and manuscript illumination, marginalia showing jackal, neat Persianate composition with Sanskrit captions"}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Shankarabharanam","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: syānmitisādhanaṃ = syāt + miti-sādhanam; niś cayāyasmṛṣṭiṣu in IAST reflects spacing; taken as niścaya-adhyāya-smṛṣṭiṣu within a dvandva compound.

Related Themes: Agni Purana 361 (Sāhitya-śāstra: nighaṇṭu/nirukti section); Agni Purana Sarga-prakaraṇa passages in cosmology chapters (creation accounts)

Ś
Śālāvṛka
K
Kapiśvāna
M
Māna
S
Sarga
A
Adhyāya

FAQs

It provides nirukta/kośa-style semantic definitions—identifying synonyms (śālāvṛka, kapiśvāna) and specifying precise technical senses of terms like māna (measure) and sarga (a polysemous technical word).

By functioning like a compact glossary: it catalogs multiple accepted meanings of key terms (especially sarga) across disciplines (cosmology, philosophy, textual organization), enabling correct interpretation in varied contexts.

Correct understanding of terms safeguards accurate study, teaching, and ritual/textual application; such right comprehension (yathārtha-jñāna) is traditionally held to support dharma and reduce interpretive error.