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Shloka 57

Sudeva Identifies Damayantī in Cedi (सुदेवेन दमयन्ती-परिचयः)

भक्ताहमपि तं॑ वीरं छायेवानुगता पथि । तस्य दैवात्‌ प्रसज्रो5भूदतिमात्र सुदेवने,'जैसे छाया राह चलनेवाले पथिकके पीछे-पीछे चलती है, उसी प्रकार मैं भी अपने वीर पतिदेवमें भक्तिभाव रखकर सदा उन्हींका अनुसरण करती हूँ। दुर्भाग्यवश एक दिन मेरे पतिदेव जूआ खेलनेमें अत्यन्त आसक्त हो गये

bhaktāham api taṁ vīraṁ chāyevā́nugatā pathi | tasya daivāt prasajro 'bhūd atimātraṁ sudevane ||

Bṛhadaśvā said: “I too was devoted to that heroic man, following him always—just as a shadow follows a traveler along the road. But by the turn of fate, my husband became excessively addicted to gambling.”

भक्ताdevoted
भक्ता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभक्त (√भज)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
तम्that (him)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वीरम्hero/brave man
वीरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
छायाshadow
छाया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootछाया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अनुगताhaving followed; following
अनुगता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुगत (अनु + √गम्)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पथिon the path
पथि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तस्यof him/of that
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
दैवात्by fate; from destiny
दैवात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
प्रसज्रःbecame attached/was engrossed
प्रसज्रः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रसज्र (प्र + √सञ्ज्/√सस्ज्)
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अभूत्became/was
अभूत्:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormAorist (Luṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अतिमात्रम्excessively; beyond measure
अतिमात्रम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिमात्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुदेवनेin gambling; in dice-play
सुदेवने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसुदेवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

बृहदश्चव उवाच

B
Bṛhadaśvā
T
the (unnamed) heroic husband
S
shadow (as a simile)
P
path/road
G
gambling/dice-play

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts steadfast personal devotion and loyalty with the destabilizing power of fate and vice: even a faithful companion who follows “like a shadow” can be drawn into suffering when a loved one falls into excessive gambling. It implicitly warns against addiction and highlights the ethical fragility created by dice-play.

Bṛhadaśvā narrates a situation in which the speaker (a devoted wife/companion) describes her constant following of her heroic husband, then notes a turning point: by destiny he becomes intensely absorbed in gambling, setting the stage for ensuing misfortune.