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Shloka 20

Damayantī’s Proposal of a Witnessed Choice; Nala Reports to the Lokapālas

Adhyāya 53

ततो<न्‍्तरिक्षगो वाचं व्याजहार नल॑ तदा । हन्तव्यो5स्मि न ते राजन्‌ करिष्यामि तव प्रियम्‌

tato 'ntarikṣago vācaṃ vyājahāra nalaḥ tadā | hantavyo 'smi na te rājan kariṣyāmi tava priyam ||

Then Nala, speaking as a voice from the sky, declared: “O King, I am not to be slain by you. I will do what is pleasing to you.” The moment underscores a restraint grounded in dharma: even amid danger and uncertainty, the higher order intervenes to prevent wrongful violence and to guide the king toward a rightful course.

ततःthen, thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereupon')
अन्तरिक्षगःmoving in the sky; airborne
अन्तरिक्षगः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्तरिक्षग
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
वाचम्speech, words
वाचम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
व्याजहारspoke, uttered
व्याजहार:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-हृ (हृ)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, singular, Parasmaipada
नलःNala
नलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनल
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
तदाat that time
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
FormAvyaya (temporal adverb)
हन्तव्यःto be killed; fit to be slain
हन्तव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् + तव्य (हन्तव्य)
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (gerundive/future passive participle)
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (लट्), 1st person, singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormNegation particle
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, singular (enclitic form)
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, vocative, singular
करिष्यामिI will do
करिष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormFuture (लृट्), 1st person, singular, Parasmaipada
तवof you, your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, singular
प्रियम्what is dear/pleasing (a favor)
प्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रिय
FormNeuter, accusative, singular

बृहृदश्चव उवाच

N
Nala

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharmic restraint: even when power allows harm, one should not commit wrongful violence. A higher moral order (symbolized by the ‘voice from the sky’) redirects action toward what is proper and beneficial rather than destructive.

Nala speaks as an aerial/sky-borne voice, addressing a king and declaring that the king should not kill him; instead, Nala promises to do what the king desires. The scene functions as a turning point where potential harm is averted and the relationship is reframed through assurance and service.