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Shloka 20

Dharma-pratyabhijñāna and Vara-pradāna (धर्मप्रत्यभिज्ञानम्—वरप्रदानम्)

हे & ॥ सत्यवानुवाच वनं न गतपूर्व ते दुःख: पन्थाश्न भाविनि । व्रतोपवासक्षामा च कथं पद्धयां गमिष्यसि,सत्यवानने कहा--सुन्दरि! तुम पहले कभी वनमें नहीं गयी हो। वनका रास्ता बड़ा दुःखदायक होता है, तुम व्रत और उपवास करनेके कारण दुर्बल हो रही हो। ऐसी दशामें पैदल कैसे चल सकोगी?

satyavān uvāca | vanaṃ na gatapūrvaṃ te duḥkhaḥ panthā bhaviṣyati | vratopavāsa-kṣāmā ca kathaṃ paddhyāṃ gamiṣyasi ||

Satyavān said: “You have never gone into the forest before; the path will be arduous for you. And you are weakened by vows and fasting—how will you be able to go on foot?”

हेO! (vocative particle)
हे:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहे
सत्यवान्Satyavān
सत्यवान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वनम्forest
वनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गतपूर्वाone who has gone before (previously gone)
गतपूर्वा:
TypeAdjective
Rootगतपूर्व
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
दुःखःpainful, difficult
दुःखः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पन्थाःpath, road
पन्थाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
भाविनिO auspicious one / O dear one
भाविनि:
TypeNoun
Rootभाविन्
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
व्रतvow, religious observance
व्रत:
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
FormNeuter
उपवासfasting
उपवास:
TypeNoun
Rootउपवास
FormMasculine
क्षामाthin, weakened
क्षामा:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षाम
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
पद्भ्याम्with (your) feet; on foot
पद्भ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Dual
गमिष्यसिwill you go
गमिष्यसि:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormSimple Future (Lṛṭ), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

S
Satyavān
F
forest (vana)
P
path/road (panthāḥ)
V
vow (vrata)
F
fasting (upavāsa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights prudent care and compassionate responsibility: spiritual austerities like vows and fasting should be balanced with practical concern for bodily strength and the hardships of duty-bound travel.

In Mārkaṇḍeya’s narration, Satyavān cautions his wife (implicitly Sāvitrī) that she is inexperienced with forest travel and weakened by religious observances, questioning how she can manage the difficult journey on foot.