Shloka 39

मातापितृपूजन-प्रधानधर्मः (Primacy of Filial Service) — Mārkaṇḍeya’s Account of the Vyādha’s Instruction

Devanagari script

देवा महर्षयश्लापि स्वानि स्थानानि भेजिरे | तस्य पुत्रास्त्रय: शिष्टा युधिष्ठिर तदाभवन्‌,युधिष्ठिर! इसके बाद देवता और महर्षि अपने-अपने स्थानको चले गये। उस युद्धमें राजा कुवलाश्चके तीन ही पुत्र शेष रह गये थे

Transliteration

devā maharṣayaś cāpi svāni sthānāni bhejire | tasya putrās trayaḥ śiṣṭā yudhiṣṭhira tadābhavan |

Translation

Mārkaṇḍeya said: “Then the gods and the great seers returned to their respective abodes. O Yudhiṣṭhira, in that battle only three sons of that king remained alive.” The line underscores the aftermath of conflict: even when divine witnesses depart, the human cost endures, leaving a remnant to carry forward duty and lineage.

Word by Word

• देवाः: gods
• देवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• महर्षयः: great sages
• महर्षयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महर्षि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• स्वानि: their own
• स्वानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• स्थानानि: places/abodes
• स्थानानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थान
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• भेजिरे: they resorted to / went to
• Type: Verb
• Root: भज्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• तस्य: of him/of that (king)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• पुत्राः: sons
• पुत्राः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• त्रयः: three
• Type: Numeral (Adjective)
• Root: त्रि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• शिष्टाः: remaining/surviving
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिष्ट
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• युधिष्ठिर: O Yudhiṣṭhira
• Type: Noun (Proper)
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• तदा: then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

• अभवन्: were/became
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• युधिष्ठिर: O Yudhiṣṭhira
• Type: Noun (Proper)
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Mārkaṇḍeya
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Devas (gods)
• Maharṣis (great seers)
• the king (tasyā—contextually the king being narrated)
• the king’s three surviving sons