Shloka 21

कृतयुगवर्णनम् तथा राजधर्मोपदेशः

Kṛtayuga Description and Instruction on Royal Dharma

Devanagari script

यद्येष पुरुषो वेद वेदा अपि न त॑ विदुः । सर्वमाश्नर्यमेवैतन्निवृत्तं राजसत्तम

Transliteration

yadyeṣa puruṣo veda vedā api na taṁ viduḥ | sarvam āścaryam evaitan nivṛttaṁ rājasattama ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana said: “If this man truly knows (the truth), then even the Vedas do not ‘know’ him—so subtle and beyond ordinary reach is his state. All this is indeed wondrous, O best of kings, for he has turned back from worldly involvement and stands withdrawn (from desire and action).”

Word by Word

• यदि: if
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि

• एषः: this
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुरुषः: man, person
• पुरुषः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वेद: knows
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• वेदाः: the Vedas
• वेदाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेद
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अपि: even, also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• विदुः: know
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• सर्वम्: all (this)
• सर्वम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• आश्चर्यम्: a wonder, marvel
• आश्चर्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आश्चर्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• निवृत्तम्: has turned back/ceased; is withdrawn
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-वृत्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Past Passive Participle (क्त)

• राजसत्तम: O best of kings
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजसत्तम
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Vedas
• rājasattama (addressed king)