Shloka 31
Karma, Preta-gati, and the Continuity of Phala
Mārkaṇḍeya’s Instruction
Devanagari script
युधिछिर उवाच जातिरत्र महासर्प मनुष्यत्वे महामते | संकरात् सर्ववर्णानां दुष्परीक्ष्येति मे मति:,युधिष्ठिरने कहा--महासर्प! महामते! मनुष्योंमें जातिकी परीक्षा करना बहुत ही कठिन है; क्योंकि इस समय सभी वर्णोका परस्पर संकर (सम्मिश्रण) हो रहा है, ऐसा मेरा विचार है
Word by Word
युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
जातिःcaste; birth-class
जातिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजाति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अत्रhere; in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
महासर्पO great serpent
महासर्प:
TypeNoun
Rootमहासर्प
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मनुष्यत्वेin human society; among humans
मनुष्यत्वे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्यत्व
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
महामतेO great-minded one
महामते:
TypeNoun
Rootमहामति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
संकरात्from intermixture; due to mixing
संकरात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसंकर
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
सर्ववर्णानाम्of all the varṇas/classes
सर्ववर्णानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ववर्ण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
दुष्परीक्ष्याhard to examine/ascertain
दुष्परीक्ष्या:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्परीक्ष्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
मतिःopinion; thought
मतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
युधिछिर उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes