Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 5

Pradyumna–Śālva Missile-Exchange at Saubha (Āraṇyaka Parva, Adhyāya 18)

सौते कि ते व्यवसितं कस्माद्‌ यासि पराड्मुख: । नैष वृष्णिप्रवीराणामाहवे धर्म उच्यते,'सूतपुत्र! आज तूने कया सोचा है? क्‍यों युद्धसे मुँह मोड़कर भागा जा रहा है? युद्धसे पलायन करना वृष्णिवंशी वीरोंका धर्म नहीं है

saute ki te vyavasitaṁ kasmād yāsi parāṅmukhaḥ | naiṣa vṛṣṇipravīrāṇām āhave dharma ucyate ||

Vāyu said: “O Sūta’s son, what resolve have you formed that you turn away and flee? To withdraw from battle is not declared to be the dharma of the foremost heroes of the Vṛṣṇi line.”

सौतेO charioteer / O son of a sūta
सौते:
TypeNoun
Rootसूत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
किwhat? (interrogative particle)
कि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक)
तेof you / your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive, Singular
व्यवसितम्resolved/decided (what has been decided)
व्यवसितम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootव्यवसि (धातु) → व्यवसित (कृदन्त, क्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कस्मात्from what cause? why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
यासिyou go
यासि:
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
FormPresent, Second, Singular
पराङ्मुखःwith face turned away; turning away
पराङ्मुखः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपराङ्मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एषःthis
एषः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृष्णि-प्रवीराणाम्of the foremost heroes of the Vṛṣṇis
वृष्णि-प्रवीराणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवृष्णि (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रवीर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
आहवेin battle
आहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआहव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
धर्मःduty; proper conduct
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु) → उच्यते (कर्मणि प्रयोग)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva
S
Sūtaputra (son of a sūta)
V
Vṛṣṇi clan

Educational Q&A

The verse asserts a martial-ethical norm: for renowned warriors, especially those of the Vṛṣṇi line, turning away from battle is not considered dharma; steadfastness and courage are framed as duty.

Vāyudeva addresses a person called “Sūta’s son,” challenging his sudden resolve to retreat and rebuking him for fleeing from combat, invoking clan-honor and dharma as the standard.