Shloka 37

Devanagari script

मामकानां परेषां च कि शिष्टमभवद्‌ बलम्‌ | धृतराष्ट्रने पूछा--संजय! महाधनुर्धर भीष्म, द्रोण तथा महारथी कर्णके मारे जानेपर जब युद्धस्थलमें कौरव और पाण्डवयोद्धा थोड़े-से ही बच गये थे और कुन्तीके पुत्र अत्यन्त कुपित होकर पराक्रम दिखाने लगे थे, उस समय मेरे और शत्रुओंके पक्षमें कितनी सेना शेष रह गयी थी? ।। संजय उवाच यथा वयं परे राजन्‌ युद्धाय समुपस्थिता:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | yathā vayaṃ pare rājan yuddhāya samupasthitāḥ |

Translation

Sañjaya said: “O King, I shall relate how we and the opposing side stood arrayed and prepared for battle.”

Word by Word

• मामकानाम्: of my (people/side)
• मामकानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मामक
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• परेषाम्: of the others (the enemy)
• परेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• किम्: what/how much
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• शिष्टम्: remaining
• शिष्टम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिष्ट
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अभवत्: was/became
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Imperfect, 3, Singular

• बलम्: army/force
• बलम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• धृतराष्ट्रः: Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• धृतराष्ट्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृतराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• पृच्छा: asked
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रच्छ्
• Form: Perfect, 3, Singular

• संजय: O Sañjaya
• संजय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• महाधनुर्धरः: the great bowman
• महाधनुर्धरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाधनुर्धर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भीष्मः: Bhīṣma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• द्रोणः: Droṇa
• द्रोणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: and also/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• महारथी: the great chariot-warrior
• महारथी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कर्णस्य: of Karṇa
• कर्णस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्ण
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• मारे: in the killing (at the time of being slain)
• मारे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• जाने: when (he) had been slain
• जाने: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन
• Form: Locative absolute (Kta/PPP used adverbially), Masculine, Locative, Singular

• परम्: beyond/very (intensifier)
• परम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• युद्धस्थले: on the battlefield
• युद्धस्थले: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्धस्थल
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• कौरव: Kauravas
• कौरव: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौरव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पाण्डवयोद्धाः: Pāṇḍava warriors
• पाण्डवयोद्धाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डवयोद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• थोड़े: few
• थोड़े: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: थोड़ा
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• से: only/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: से

• ही: indeed/only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ही

• बच: remained
• Type: Verb
• Root: बच्
• Form: Perfect/Periphrastic (Hindi), 3, Plural

• गये: had gone (auxiliary in Hindi)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्
• Form: Perfect (Hindi), 3, Plural

• थे: were
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Imperfect (Hindi), 3, Plural

• कुन्तीके: of Kuntī
• कुन्तीके: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुन्ती
• Form: Feminine, Genitive (Hindi postposition), Singular

• पुत्र: sons
• पुत्र: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अत्यन्तम्: exceedingly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्यन्तम्

• कुपितः: enraged
• कुपितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कुपित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• होकर: having become
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Absolutive (Hindi)

• पराक्रमम्: valor
• पराक्रमम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पराक्रम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दर्शयामासुः: displayed/showed
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Perfect (periphrastic), 3, Plural

• तत्: then/at that time
• तत्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Locative/Accusative (adverbial), Singular

• समये: at the time
• समये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समय
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• मम: my
• मम: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• शत्रूणाम्: of the enemies
• शत्रूणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• पक्षे: on the side (party)
• पक्षे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्ष
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• कियती: how much
• कियती: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कियत्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सेना: army
• सेना: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेना
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• शेषा: remaining
• शेषा: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शेष
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• अभवत्: was
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Imperfect, 3, Singular

• संजयः: Sañjaya
• संजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3, Singular

• यथा: as/how
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Nominative, Plural

• परे: the others (the enemy)
• परे: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• युद्धाय: for battle
• युद्धाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध
• Form: Neuter, Dative, Singular

• समुपस्थिताः: stood ready/assembled
• समुपस्थिताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-उप-स्था
• Form: Past passive participle (Kta), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Kauravas
• Pāṇḍavas
• Bhīṣma
• Droṇa
• Karṇa
• Kuntī
• Kuntīputras (sons of Kuntī)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames war-reporting as accountable narration: the king must face the consequences of choices made, and the messenger’s duty is truthful description of how both sides stand after great losses.

What is happening in the narrative?

Dhṛtarāṣṭra asks how much strength remains on both sides after the fall of major commanders; Sañjaya begins his reply, stating he will describe how the Kauravas and the opposing Pāṇḍavas were positioned and ready for battle.