Shloka 61
Devanagari script
त॑ हृदं विपुलं प्रेक्ष्य करुणं पर्यदेवयत् । अहोधिक् स न जानाति जीवतो<स्मान् नराधिप:
Transliteration
taṁ hṛdaṁ vipulaṁ prekṣya karuṇaṁ paryadevayat | aho dhik sa na jānāti jīvato 'smān narādhipaḥ ||
Translation
Sañjaya said: Seeing that broad chest, he lamented in deep compassion: “Alas, shame! That king does not realize that we are still alive.”
Word by Word
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
हृदम्heart
हृदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहृद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
विपुलम्large, broad
विपुलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविपुल
Formneuter, accusative, singular
प्रेक्ष्यhaving seen
प्रेक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + ईक्ष्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
करुणम्piteous, lamentable
करुणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकरुण
Formneuter, accusative, singular
पर्यदेवयत्lamented, wailed
पर्यदेवयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + दिव् (देवयति)
Formimperfect (लङ्), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
अहोalas! ah!
अहो:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो
धिक्shame! fie!
धिक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootधिक्
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
जानातिknows
जानाति:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formpresent (लट्), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
जीवतःof (one) living; while alive
जीवतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवत्
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
अस्मान्us
अस्मान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formcommon, accusative, plural
नराधिपःking, lord of men
नराधिपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
स
संजय (Sañjaya)न
नराधिप (a king/ruler; unnamed in this verse)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how war distorts perception and judgment: even a ruler may fail to recognize the living presence and agency of others, prompting compassionate lament and moral reproach.
Sañjaya reports that, upon seeing a warrior’s broad chest (suggesting a fallen or struck figure), someone reacts with compassion and grief, exclaiming that the king does not realize that they are still alive.