Shloka 31

Śalya-hatānantarāṇi: Madrarāja-padānugānāṃ praskandana and the Pandava counter-encirclement (शल्यहतानन्तराणि—मद्रराजपदानुगानां प्रस्कन्दनम्)

Devanagari script

त॑ चापि राजानमथोत्पतन्तं क्रुद्धं यथैवान्तकमापतन्तम्‌ । धृष्टझ्ुम्नो द्रौपदेया: शिखण्डी शिनेश्व नप्ता सहसा परीयु:,क्रोधमें भरे हुए यमराजके समान उछलकर आनेवाले राजा शल्यको धूृष्टद्युम्न, द्रौपदीके पुत्र शिखण्डी तथा सात्यकिने सहसा चारों ओरसे घेर लिया

Transliteration

taṁ cāpi rājānam athotpatantaṁ kruddhaṁ yathaivāntakam āpatantam | dhṛṣṭadyumno draupadeyāḥ śikhaṇḍī śaineś ca naptā sahasā parīyuḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: And they also rushed upon King Śalya as he sprang forward in fury, charging like Death itself. Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the sons of Draupadī, Śikhaṇḍin, and Sātyaki’s grandson swiftly surrounded him from all sides—an image of disciplined resistance against a wrathful onslaught in the midst of war.

Word by Word

• तम्: him (that one)
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• राजानम्: the king
• राजानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अथ: then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• उत्पतन्तम्: leaping up / springing forth
• उत्पतन्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्+पत्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)

• क्रुद्धम्: angry
• क्रुद्धम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past participle used adjectivally)

• यथा: as / like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• एव: indeed / just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• अन्तकम्: Death (Yama) / the ender
• अन्तकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आपतन्तम्: rushing upon / charging
• आपतन्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ+पत्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)

• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• द्रौपदेयाः: the sons of Draupadi
• द्रौपदेयाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रौपदेय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• शिखण्डी: Shikhandi
• शिखण्डी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिखण्डिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शैनेयः: Shaineya (Satyaki)
• शैनेयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शैनेय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नप्ताः: grandsons / descendants
• नप्ताः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नप्तृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सहसा: suddenly / with force
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा

• परिययुः: surrounded / went around
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि+या
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• King Śalya
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Draupadeyas (sons of Draupadī)
• Śikhaṇḍin
• Sātyaki
• Sātyaki’s grandson (Śaine naptā)
• Antaka (Death/Yama as a simile)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even amid violent conflict, the verse highlights disciplined collective action: instead of meeting rage with scattered panic, the warriors coordinate to contain a dangerous, wrath-driven assault—suggesting that self-control and strategy are ethical strengths in a dharma-oriented battle.

What is happening in the narrative?

King Śalya, enraged, springs forward to attack like Death rushing in. Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the sons of Draupadī, Śikhaṇḍin, and Sātyaki’s grandson quickly converge and surround him from all sides to check his charge.