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Shloka 153

Sauptika Parva, Adhyaya 8 — Dhṛṣṭadyumna-vadha and the Camp’s Nocturnal Rout

अथ कम्माद्धते क्षुद्रे कर्मेंदे कृतवानसौ । द्रोणपुत्रो महात्मा स तन्मे शंसितुमहसि,जब दुर्योधन मार डाला गया, तब उस महामनस्वी द्रोणपुत्रने ऐसा नीच कर्म क्‍यों किया? यह सब मुझे बताओ

atha karmāddhṛte kṣudre karmendye kṛtavān asau | droṇaputro mahātmā sa tan me śaṃsitum arhasi ||

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: “After Duryodhana had been slain, why did that high-souled son of Droṇa commit such a base deed, driven by ignoble impulse? Tell me this in full.”

अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
कस्मात्from what cause? why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
Formneuter, ablative, singular
अधमतेO base one
अधमते:
TypeAdjective
Rootअधम
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
क्षुद्रेO petty one
क्षुद्रे:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुद्र
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
कर्मdeed, act
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
कृतवान्did, has done
कृतवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्तवतुँ (past active participle), masculine, nominative, singular
असौthat man/he
असौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअसद्/अदस् (pronoun)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
द्रोणपुत्रःDrona's son (Ashvatthaman)
द्रोणपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोणपुत्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
महात्माgreat-souled one
महात्मा:
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formdative, singular
शंसितुम्to tell, to relate
शंसितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootशंस्
Formतुमुन् (infinitive), parasmaipada (lexical)
अर्हसिyou ought/are able
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
Formpresent, second, singular, parasmaipada

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Droṇaputra (Aśvatthāman)
D
Duryodhana
D
Droṇa

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral inquiry: even a renowned warrior’s status cannot justify ignoble retaliation. It invites reflection on how grief and rage can push one toward adharma, and why such actions demand explanation and ethical scrutiny.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra, hearing of the aftermath of Duryodhana’s death, asks Sañjaya why Aśvatthāman (Droṇa’s son) carried out a ‘base’ act—pointing toward the night-time slaughter that defines the Sauptika Parva.