Next Verse

Shloka 1

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत कर्णपर्वमें संकुलयुद्धाविषयक अस्सीवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ ॥/ ८० ॥। शी ्सिि्जडीीििि श्यु नासा तसथिस एकाशीतितमो<ध्याय: अर्जुन और भीमसेनके द्वारा कौरव वीरोंका संहार तथा कर्णका पराक्रम संजय उवाच त॑ं प्रयान्तं महावेगैरश्वै: कपिवरध्वजम्‌ । युद्धायाभ्यद्रवन्‌ वीरा: कुरूणां नवती रथा:,संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! जिनकी थध्वजामें श्रेष्ठ कपिका चिह्न है, उन वीर अर्जुनको महावेगशाली अश्रोंद्वारा आगे बढ़ते देख कौरव-दलके नब्बे वीर रथियोंने युद्धके लिये धावा किया इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत कर्णपर्वमें संकुलयुद्धाविषयक इक्यासीवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ ॥/ ८१ ॥ (दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके ३ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल ६० श्लोक हैं।) ऑपन-माज बछ। अफि्--छऋाज द्रयशीतितमो< ध्याय: सात्यकिके द्वारा कर्णपुत्र प्रसेनका वध, कर्णका पराक्रम और दुःशासन एवं भीमसेनका युद्ध संजय उवाच ततः कर्ण: कुरुषु प्रद्रुतेषु वरूथिना श्वेतहयेन राजन्‌ । पाज्चालपुत्रान्‌ व्यधमत्‌ सूतपुत्रो महेषुभिववत इवाभ्रसंघान्‌

sañjaya uvāca | taṃ prayāntaṃ mahāvegair aśvaiḥ kapivaradhvajam | yuddhāyābhyadravan vīrāḥ kurūṇāṃ navati rathāḥ ||

Sañjaya said: O King, seeing Arjuna—whose banner bears the emblem of the great ape—advancing swiftly, drawn by high-speed horses, ninety Kuru chariot-warriors surged forward to engage him in battle. The scene underscores how, in the press of war, collective force is marshalled to check a single formidable champion, and how valor and duty (as each side understands it) drive men into escalating violence.

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रयान्तम्going forth/advancing
प्रयान्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-या
FormShatr (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
महावेगैःwith great-speed (ones)
महावेगैः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहावेग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अश्वैःby/with horses
अश्वैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
कपिवरध्वजम्whose banner bears the best of monkeys (Hanuman)
कपिवरध्वजम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकपिवरध्वज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
युद्धायfor battle
युद्धाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
अभ्यद्रवन्rushed towards/charged
अभ्यद्रवन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-द्रु
FormImperfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
वीराःheroes/warriors
वीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुरूणाम्of the Kurus
कुरूणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
नवतिninety
नवति:
TypeNoun
Rootनवति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
रथाःchariots (i.e., chariot-warriors)
रथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'O King')
A
Arjuna
K
Kurus/Kauravas
K
Kapivara-dhvaja (Hanumān emblem on Arjuna’s banner)
C
Chariots (ratha)
H
Horses (aśva)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the Mahābhārata’s recurring ethical tension: warriors, bound by their perceived kṣatriya-duty and loyalty to their side, intensify conflict even when it means many confronting one. It invites reflection on how duty, pride, and group allegiance can propel escalation, and how true discernment (dharma-buddhi) is tested amid collective frenzy.

As Arjuna advances rapidly with his chariot (marked by the great-ape emblem on the banner), ninety Kaurava chariot-warriors rush forward to attack him, setting the stage for a concentrated assault against a principal Pāṇḍava champion.