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Shloka 38

कृष्णोपदेशः, अर्जुनस्य क्षमा-याचनम्, कर्णवध-अनुज्ञा

Krishna’s Counsel, Arjuna’s Apology, and Authorization for Karṇa’s Slaying

स तेनातिप्रहारेण व्यथितो विह्वलजन्निव

sa tenātiprahāreṇa vyathito vihvalajan niva

Sañjaya said: Struck by that exceedingly powerful blow, he was shaken with pain and, as if his senses were overwhelmed, became unsteady and confused on the battlefield.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेनby that (one/it)
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
अतिप्रहारेणby a very severe blow/strike
अतिप्रहारेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअतिप्रहार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
व्यथितःpained, afflicted
व्यथितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यथित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विह्वलःbewildered, stunned
विह्वलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविह्वल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जनःa person
जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

Even the mightiest warrior can be destabilized by the force of consequences in war; the verse underscores the fragility of embodied strength and the ethical weight of violent action, where a single overpowering strike can reduce a combatant to confusion and suffering.

Sañjaya describes a combatant who, after receiving a very powerful blow, becomes pained and unsteady—appearing like someone whose senses are overwhelmed—indicating a turning point in the immediate exchange of strikes.