Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 18

Kṛpa’s Archery Display; Śikhaṇḍin Checked; Suketu Slain; Dhṛṣṭadyumna–Kṛtavarmā Clash (कृपशौर्य–पार्षतहार्दिक्ययुद्धम्)

क्रुद्धं सिंह केसरिणं बृहन्तं बालो मूढ: क्षुद्रमृगस्तरस्वी । समाह्दयेत्‌ तद्धदेतत्‌ तवाद्य समाद्टदानं सूतपुत्रार्जुनस्य,'सूतपुत्र! जैसे बालक, मूढ़ और वेगसे चौकड़ी भरनेवाला क्षुद्र मृग क्रोधमें भरे हुए विशालकाय, केसरयुक्त सिंहको ललकारे, तुम्हारा आज यह अर्जुनका युद्धके लिये आह्वान करना भी वैसा ही है

kruddhaṃ siṃha-keśariṇaṃ bṛhantaṃ bālo mūḍhaḥ kṣudra-mṛgas tarasvī | samāhvayet tad dhy etat tavādya samāhvānaṃ sūtaputrārjunasya ||

Sañjaya said: “O Sūtaputra, just as a foolish childlike creature—a small, swift deer—might rashly challenge a huge, maned lion inflamed with anger, so too is your challenge to Arjuna for battle today. It is a reckless provocation, blind to the true measure of strength and consequence.”

क्रुद्धम्angered
क्रुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुद्ध (√क्रुध्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सिंहम्lion
सिंहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
केसरिणम्maned
केसरिणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकेसरिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बृहन्तम्huge
बृहन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहन्त्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बालःa child
बालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मूढःdeluded, foolish
मूढः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमूढ (√मुह्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षुद्र-मृगःa petty/small beast (a mean animal)
क्षुद्र-मृगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुद्र + मृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तरस्वीswift, impetuous
तरस्वी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतरस्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाह्वयेत्should challenge/call out
समाह्वयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√ह्वे
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
indeed
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अद्यtoday/now
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
समाह्वानम्challenge, summons
समाह्वानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसमाह्वान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सूत-पुत्र-अर्जुनस्यof Arjuna, the charioteer’s son (i.e., Karna’s epithet used tauntingly)
सूत-पुत्र-अर्जुनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसूत + पुत्र + अर्जुन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
S
Sūtaputra (Karṇa)
A
Arjuna
L
lion (siṃha)
S
small deer/small beast (kṣudra-mṛga)

Educational Q&A

The verse warns against arrogant or impulsive provocation: challenging a superior force without discernment is self-destructive. Ethically, it critiques pride and delusion in war—valor must be guided by clear judgment, not by rashness or anger.

Sañjaya addresses Karṇa (called ‘Sūtaputra’) and compares his calling Arjuna to battle to a small swift animal foolishly challenging an enraged lion. The simile underscores the perceived imbalance and the peril of Karṇa’s challenge at this moment in the war.