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Shloka 4

शैनेयचरितम्

The Exploits of Śaineya/Sātyaki amid Encirclement

राजन्‌ कदाचित्नास्माभिद्दष्ट तादूडू न च श्रुतम्‌ । यादृड मध्यगते सूर्य युद्धमासीद्‌ विशाम्पते,राजन! प्रजानाथ! वहाँ मध्याह्नकालमें जैसा वह युद्ध हुआ था, वैसा न तो मैंने कभी देखा था और न सुना ही था

rājan kadācin nāsmābhir dṛṣṭaṃ tādṛk na ca śrutam | yādṛg madhyagate sūrye yuddham āsīd viśāmpate ||

Sañjaya said: O King, never before have we seen or even heard of a battle like the one that took place when the sun stood at midday. O lord of the people, such a conflict—fierce and unprecedented—unfolded at the very height of the day, as though the world’s order itself were being tested by the fury of war.

राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कदाचित्ever/at any time
कदाचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचित्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्माभिःby us / by me (pl. of modesty)
अस्माभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Plural
दृष्टम्seen
दृष्टम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तादृक्such (of that kind)
तादृक्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतादृश्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
श्रुतम्heard
श्रुतम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यादृक्as/what kind (as it was)
यादृक्:
TypeAdjective
Rootयादृश्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मध्यगतेwhen (the sun) had reached the middle (midday)
मध्यगते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यगत
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
सूर्येin/at the sun (i.e., when the sun was at mid-position)
सूर्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people
विशाम्पते:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्पति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as rājan/viśāmpati)
S
Sun (Sūrya)
M
midday (madhyāhna implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the extraordinary and unsettling intensity of war: when violence exceeds what has been seen or heard, it signals a breakdown of normal moral and social limits. Sañjaya’s astonishment implicitly warns that unchecked conflict can overwhelm customary dharma and human expectation.

Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the battle occurring around midday was unlike anything he had ever witnessed or heard of. It sets the tone for an especially fierce phase of fighting in the Droṇa Parva.