Shloka 48

धृष्टद्युम्नस्य द्रोणरथारोহণं सात्यकेः प्रतिरक्षणं च | Dhrishtadyumna Boards Droṇa’s Chariot; Sātyaki’s Counter-Protection

Devanagari script

स नून॑ बहुभियत्तिर्युध्यमानो नरर्षभै:

Transliteration

sa nūnaṃ bahubhir yattir yudhyamāno nararṣabhaiḥ

Translation

Sañjaya said: “Surely, as he strives in battle, he is now fighting against many bull-like heroes among men.”

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नूनम्: surely, indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नूनम्

• बहुभिः: by many (persons)
• बहुभिः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• यत्तिः: effort, exertion
• यत्तिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यत्ति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• युध्यमानः: fighting
• युध्यमानः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध्
• Form: शानच् (present active participle, Ātmanepada usage), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नरर्षभैः: by the best of men (bulls among men)
• नरर्षभैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरर्षभ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• an unnamed warrior (saḥ)
• naraṛṣabhāḥ (elite warriors)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The line highlights the ideal of steadfast exertion in one’s appointed role: in the chaos of war, a warrior’s resolve is measured by continued effort even when opposed by many formidable opponents.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes a combatant who, while striving intensely, is engaged in battle against numerous eminent warriors—emphasizing the pressure and scale of the confrontation.