Shloka 40

धृष्टद्युम्नस्य द्रोणरथारोহণं सात्यकेः प्रतिरक्षणं च | Dhrishtadyumna Boards Droṇa’s Chariot; Sātyaki’s Counter-Protection

Devanagari script

शयानं समुपासन्ति यं पुरा परमस्त्रिय:

Transliteration

śayānaṃ samupāsanti yaṃ purā paramastriyaḥ

Translation

Sañjaya said: “Him whom, in former times, the noblest of women would reverently attend even as he lay at rest—” (thus recalling the contrast between past honor and the present crisis, where greatness once served becomes a measure of the moral tragedy unfolding in war).

Word by Word

• शयानम्: lying down
• शयानम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शी (धातु) → शय (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• समुपासन्ति: they attend upon / worship
• समुपासन्ति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-आस् (धातु) with सम्- (समुपास्)
• Form: Present (Lat), Third, Plural

• यम्: whom
• यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पुरा: formerly / earlier
• पुरा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरा

• परमस्त्रियः: the foremost women
• परमस्त्रियः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: परम-स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• paramastriyaḥ (noble women)